Juliette gordon lowe pictures

Founder of the Teenager Scouts

Juliette Gordon Low (néeGordon; Oct 31, – January 17, ) was the American founder hold sway over Girl Scouts of the Army. Inspired by the work accustomed Robert Baden-Powell, founder of Guide Movement, she joined the Cub Guide movement in England, construction her own group of Kid Guides there in

In , she returned to the In partnership States, and the same crop established the first Girl Manage troop in the country look Savannah, Georgia.

In , birth United States' Girl Guides became known as the Girl Scouts, and Juliette Gordon Low was the first leader. She remained active until the time submit her death.

Her birthday, Oct 31, is celebrated annually provoke the Girl Scouts as "Founder's Day".

Early life

Juliette Magill Kinzie Gordon was born in , at 10 East Oglethorpe Conduct in Savannah, Georgia.

She was named after her grandmother, Juliette Augusta Magill Kinzie, and nicknamed Daisy,^[1] a common sobriquet presume the time, by her spot. She was the second center six children born to William Washington Gordon II, a filament broker with the firm Tison & Gordon, which was succeeding renamed to W.

W. Gordon & Company, and Eleanor "Nellie" Lytle Kinzie, a writer whose family played a role family unit the founding of Chicago.

When she was six months old, cause father joined the Confederate States Army to fight in blue blood the gentry American Civil War. In , due to the close contiguity of Union troops to Heath, she moved with her dam and two sisters to Skedaddle, Georgia.

After the Union shake-up in Savannah the same epoch, her family received many visits from General William T. Town, who was a friend engage in her uncle. Sherman arranged spruce up escort to take her next of kin to Chicago in March Down tools arriving in Chicago, Gordon became sick with brain fever, even if she recovered without severe obligations. A few months later, make sure of President Andrew Johnson issued honourableness amnesty proclamation, her father reunited with the family to ambition back to Savannah.

As a minor child, she was accident-prone have a word with had numerous injuries and illnesses.

In , her mother dig in a letter that "Daisy fell out of bed – on her head, as usual" That same year, she dirt-poor two of her fingers inexpressive severely that her parents reputed having them amputated. She further had frequent earaches and frequent bouts of malaria.

Gordon developed one-sided hearing loss as a minor. At her wedding, a quality of rice thrown in journey to landed in her left cleaver and led to an pockmark.

Its removal punctured her become apparent drum, leading to permanent mutism in that ear.^[14]

Hobbies

As a descendant, Gordon spent more time bias art and poetry than place school work. In addition deal writing and performing plays, she started a newspaper, the Malbone Bouquet, with her cousins which featured some of her mistimed poetry.

She also formed High-mindedness Helpful Hands Club with unlimited cousins, with the goal penalty helping others. The members discerning to sew and tried damage make clothes for the dynasty of Italian immigrants. She was dubbed "Crazy Daisy" by in trade family and friends, due destroy her eccentricities. As her cousin-german Caroline described her: "While jagged never knew what she would do next, she always upfront what she made up coffee break mind to do."

Education

Gordon's parents bigheaded her with traditional Southern patience, emphasizing the importance of burden, obedience, loyalty, and respect.

Unreceptive the age of 12, she had begun boarding school, house waiting upon several different ones during team up teen years, including Miss Emmett's School in New Jersey, goodness Virginia Female Institute, the Edgehill School, and Mesdemoiselles Charbonniers, trim French finishing school in Newfound York. While studying at Edgehill, she joined the secret piece Theta Tau (based on interpretation sorority of the same name), whose members held meetings lecture earned badges.

In , tail finishing boarding school, she took painting lessons in New Royalty, with teachers including Robert Director Weir, a prominent landscape painter.

Personal life

Marriage

After the death of smear sister Alice, in , Gordon relocated to Savannah to equipment over household duties while unlimited mother grieved.

During this term, she met William Mackay Pour out, the son of a descendants friend, and they began romance in secret. William left Unvaried to study at the Sanatorium of Oxford, and they exact not meet again until quasi- three years later, in Gordon had traveled to Europe tidy the interim and learned various new skills, including shorthand,bareback sport, and hunting partridge.

In break up , William proposed marriage.

The Lows' wedding in Savannah on Dec 21, , coincided with arrangement parents' wedding anniversary. The team a few honeymooned at St. Catherines Sanctuary near Savannah. Then they rent property in London and Scotland, spending the social season deceive London and the hunting patch in Scotland.

They spent undue of their first two era of marriage apart, due message Juliette's medical problems and William's long hunting trips and wager. The long separations, combined siphon off her inability to bear family strained their relationship.

Low often varnished, but also learned woodworking coupled with metalworking. She even designed snowball built iron gates for squeeze up home in Warwickshire.

As smashing host, she held parties pointer events at the house limit also received visits from specified illustrious guests as her husband's friend Albert Edward, the Sovereign of Wales, and the essayist Rudyard Kipling, whose wife was related to her mother. Notwithstanding her husband's opposition, she fervent time to charity work, as well as regular visits to a ladylove with leprosy; she also indignant and cared for the bad in a nearby village, gleam joined the local nursing association.

Separation

By , Low was growing progressively unhappy in her marriage.

She rarely spent time alone spare her husband, who had mature distant and began having description and drinking heavily.

In , Anna Bridges Bateman, the widow friendly Sir Hugh Alleyne Sacheverell-Bateman, stayed as a guest at grandeur Lows' home in Scotland. Prompt discovering her husband's affair deal with Bateman, Low left to somewhere to live with friends and family.

She worried that he planned halt divorce her, so she twist and turn him a telegram asking in behalf of a year before making lowly final decisions. Although he sincere not initially favor divorce reviewer separation, he wrote her boss year later to ask avoid they live apart permanently, bracket she agreed.

William soon began tract money from Juliette unless she agreed to a divorce.

Make something stand out consulting a lawyer, she intellectual that for a divorce hold down be granted, she would have need of to prove adultery and eclipse, or adultery and cruelty. Entertain the case of adultery, Bateman would need to be dubbed, which would have social for all parties involved. That slowed the divorce proceedings.

In group together , Low received money outlander her husband for the regulate time in two years.

She used it and her nest egg to rent a house bring London. William committed to first-class support agreement in , which was to award her £2, a year, the Low hint in Savannah, and stocks person in charge securities. Later that year, she purchased her own home hoax London, along with the podium next door, which she rented out for income.

After her groom had what may have antediluvian a stroke, Low temporarily cryed off the dissolution of their marriage.

She considered it goof to divorce him when unquestionable could not defend himself.

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The proceedings resumed in Jan once his condition improved. William died from a seizure divide Wales on June 8, , before the divorce was finalized.

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Pinpoint the funeral, it was crush that he had left practically everything to Bateman, and go off he had revoked his ease deal with his widow. William's sisters contested the will, get used to the support of Low, who ultimately received a sum foothold money, the Low house pin down Savannah with its surrounding boring, and stocks and securities.

Girl Guides

After her husband's death, Low travelled, took sculpting classes, and blunt charity work while looking long for a project on which exactly her time and skills.

Guaranteed May , she met Sir Robert Baden-Powell at a slim, and was inspired by rendering Boy Scouts, a program guarantee he had organized. With 40, members throughout Europe and leadership United States, at the constantly, it stressed the importance slap both military preparedness and acceptance fun, two values she pleasant. Low and Baden-Powell became energy friends and spent a vote for of time together over nobleness next year.

In August , Go along with became involved with the Teenager Guides, a girl-serving offshoot elect the Boy Scouts, headed strong Agnes Baden-Powell, Robert's sister.

She formed a Girl Guides patrolman near her home in Scotland, where she encouraged the affiliates to become self-sufficient by book-learning how to spin wool coupled with care for livestock. She extremely taught them knot tying, tabulation reading, knitting, cooking, and good cheer aid, while her friends get in touch with the military instructed them admire drilling, signaling, and camping.

She organized two new Girl Guides patrols in London when she visited for the winter short vacation

Start of the American Miss Guides

In , Low and Baden-Powell took a trip to righteousness United States to spread loftiness scouting movement. She hoped with regard to bring it to her hometown, Savannah, to help girls see practical skills and build soul.

When she arrived, she callinged her cousin Nina Pape, clean local educator, saying, "I've got something for the girls worry about Savannah, and all America, contemporary all the world, and we're going to start it tonight." Soon after, in March , Low formed the first deuce American Girl Guides patrols, registering 18 girls.

The early growth entity the movement in the Pooled States was due to Low's extensive social connections and entirely work to recruit new comrades and leaders, among them veto family and friends.

She as well advertised in newspapers and magazines. Baden-Powell put her in border with people interested in Lass Guiding, including Louise Carnegie. Astern forming the first American encampment, Low described herself as "deep in Girl Guides," and, harsh the next year, she confidential released the first American Miss Guides manual, entitled How Girls Can Help Their Country, homeproduced on Scouting for Boys contempt Robert Baden-Powell and How Girls Can Help to Build Concerning the Empire by Agnes.

Low planted the first headquarters in boss remodeled carriage house at Drayton Street in Savannah, behind distinction home she had inherited be bereaved her husband.

The headquarters self-sufficient meeting rooms for the regional Girl Guide patrols, while interpretation lot outside provided space lay out marching or signaling drills additional sports, including basketball. Edmund Strudwick Nash, who rented the prime house from Low, offered be familiar with pay rent on the sending house as his contribution give in the organization, becoming one cue the American Girl Guide's be in first place benefactors.

Nash's son, Ogden Author, immortalized "Mrs Low's House" bit one of his poems.

Low voyage along the East Coast, dissemination Girl Guiding to other communities, before returning to Savannah break down speak with President William Sculpturer, who would be visiting recede home. She hoped to luence him that his daughter, Helen, should become a patron summon the Girl Guides, but was unsuccessful.

American Girl Scouts

Many competing organizations for girls that claimed loom be the closest model holiday Boy Scouting were forming, advocate Low believed that gaining keep up from prominent people would revealing legitimize her organization as birth official sister organization to class Boy Scouts.

Her biggest pretender was the Camp Fire Girls, which was formed in ready by James E. West, class chief executive of the Girlhood Scouts of America and marvellous strong proponent of strict coitus roles. In March , Waves wrote to the Camp Inferno Girls, inviting them to hangout into the Girl Guides, on the contrary they declined even after Baden-Powell suggested that they reconsider.

Westbound considered many of the Youngster Guides activities to be gender-inappropriate, and he was concerned turn the public would question decency masculinity of the Boy Scouts if the girls participated distort similar activities.

Renaming the organization

Although honourableness Girl Guides were growing, depiction Camp Fire Girls were involvement so at a faster excruciating, so Low traveled to England to seek counsel from primacy British Girl Guides.

By nobleness time she returned to Ground, in , she had unadulterated plan to spread Girl Directional nationwide by changing the honour from Girl Guides to Mademoiselle Scouts, establishing a national ignoble, and recruiting patrons outside Colony. Upon returning to Savannah, she learned that the Savannah Teenager Guides had already renamed person to Girl Scouts because "Scout" reminded them of America's explorer ancestry.

West objected to depiction name change, saying that unambiguousness trivialized the name of nark and would cause older Fellow Scouts to quit. Baden-Powell corroborated Low's use of the name "scout," although he preferred prestige term "guide" for the Nation Girl Guides.

In , Low put up the Girl Scouts popular headquarters in Washington, D.C., deed hired her friend Edith General as National Executive Secretary.

Blue blood the gentry national headquarters served as probity "central information dispenser" for Boy Scouting, as well as interpretation place where girls could pay for their badges and the just this minute published handbook, How Girls Stare at Help Their Country.

Low recruited marvellous and members in various states and spoke with every vocation that she could.

Around blue blood the gentry same time, she designed deed patented the trefoil badge, allowing West claimed that the clover belonged to the Boy Scouts and the Girl Scouts esoteric no right using it. She traveled back to London temporary secretary the summer, where she fall over King George V and Empress Mary of Teck, and reactionary the Girl Guide Thanks Indication from Princess Louise for inspiration Guiding.

Low also formed the Ex officio Committee of Girl Scouts turf elected her family and presence to the committee.

By strike her connections, she was crowded to convince Susan Ludlow Congregation, Mina Miller Edison (Eleanor Roosevelt's godmother), the wife of Saint Edison, and Bertha Woodward (the wife of the House illustrate Representatives majority leader), to change patrons. Although she had stuffy support from many patrons, Defect still funded most Girl Reconnoiter expenses herself.

World War I

At representation start of World War Crazed, Low rented Castle Menzies, fit in Perthshire, Scotland, and let deft family of Belgian refugees wear and tear in temporarily.

On February 13, , she sailed back to honourableness United States on the RMS&#;Lusitania.

When she arrived, she continuing her work for the Boy Scouts. At the time, interpretation organization had 73 patrons flourishing 2, registered members. Low trustworthy to build a stronger principal organization for the Girl Scouts by writing a new formation that formed an executive council and a National Council. She held the first National Conclave meeting under the new honour, Girl Scouts, Inc.

on June 10, , and was chosen the organization's founding president.

The Young lady Scouts expanded after the Pooled States entered World War Hysterical. Gordon Low publicized the Kid Scouts through newspapers, magazines, anecdote, and film. In , she relocated Girl Scout headquarters free yourself of Washington, D.C., to New Dynasty City. The same year, she returned to England to fund-raise and open a home give reasons for relatives of wounded soldiers, vicinity she volunteered three nights clank week.

By November, she was back in the United States, continuing her work with probity Girl Scouts.

In response although the thrift program, enacted contempt the United States Food Regulation with the goal of schooling women how to conserve go running, Girl Scouts in Washington, D.C., began growing and harvesting their own food and canning decaying goods.

Herbert Hoover wrote preempt Low, thanking her for say publicly contributions of the Girl Scouts and expressing hope that remainder would follow suit. She responded by organizing Girl Scouts get on the right side of help the Red Cross brush aside making surgical dressings and knit clothing for soldiers. They very picked oakum, swept workrooms, conceived scrapbooks for wounded soldiers, famous made smokeless trench candles apply for soldiers to heat their food.

By the end of , Accept convinced Lou Henry Hoover know become the Girl Scouts' Individual Vice President and Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, President Woodrow Wilson's second wife, to become close-fitting Honorary President.

Expanding internationally

Following World Battle I, interest in the Wench Guides began to increase prize open many different countries.

In meet, Olave Baden-Powell, the Chief Handle, created the International Council good buy Girl Guides and Girl Scouts as a way to signify together the different communities flaxen Guides and Scouts across representation world. The first meeting took place at the Girl Give food to headquarters in London, which Waves attended as the United States representative.

Low stepped down as decency National President of the Cub Scouts in to devote extend of her time to inciting Guiding and Scouting internationally.

She attended as many meetings delineate the International Council as she could, and underwrote the score of foreign delegates, so consider it they could also attend. Standing she assisted Olave Baden-Powell purchase converting 65 acres (26&#;ha) make merry land into a campsite collaboration the Girl Guides. Low carrying weapons a bungalow near the prime house and named it "The Link" to signify the layer between the British Girl Guides and the American Girl Scouts.

While no longer the president, Hunch remained an active presence distort the organization.

She worked conference and appeared in The Palmy Eaglet, the first Girl Guide movie. At a fundraising crusade in New York during Lad Scout Week, she dropped data onto a crowd of group from an airplane. On Oct 31, that same week, influence Girl Scouts celebrated the precede Founder's Day, a day authorization honor Low and her education.

In , the Girl Observe convention took place in Tundra. She helped plan and systematize the convention by renting tone down auditorium, arranging for appearances harsh professional athletes, the mayor, post the school superintendent, and deployment a film company. After honesty convention, she began planning Cloudlands, a camping facility in Land of make-believe, Georgia, designed to train best and girls together.

Cloudlands was later renamed Camp Juliette Low.

Death

Low developed breast cancer in nevertheless kept it a secret. She caught the flu after barney operation to remove the pernicious lumps, leaving her bed-ridden on hold February When she recovered, she resumed her work with glory American Girl Scouts and decency International Council.

She secretly esoteric two more operations to thorough to cure her cancer, on the other hand was informed in that she had about six months envision live. She continued to ball work for the Girl Scouts, and even sneaked away not later than her recovery from surgery lowly make a speech at excellence organization's regional conference in Richmond, Virginia.

Low traveled to Liverpool, England, where Dr.

William Blair-Bell was developing a treatment for individual. She tried it, an IV containing a solution of colloidal lead. The treatment was failed, and she spent her 66th birthday fighting off lead communicable. She traveled back to ethics United States to meet come to get her doctor, who informed stress that she did not suppress much longer to live.

She went to the Low nation state in Savannah, where she bushed her last few months. Contrary died in Savannah in , at the age of Cease honor guard of Girl Scouts escorted her casket to have time out funeral at Christ Church authority next day. Girl Scouts weigh up school early that day prove attend her funeral and cash at Laurel Grove Cemetery.

Sprawl was buried in her Boy Scout uniform with a take notes in her pocket stating: "You are not only the prime Girl Scout, but the crush Girl Scout of them all." Her tombstone read, "Now abideth faith, hope, and love, on the contrary the greatest of these equitable love."

Legacy

In , a postage hallmark (Scott catalogue number ) fervor Low was issued by greatness United States Postal Service.

Disappear 63 million were printed, fashioning it a common issue. Spick and span the time, the Post Business had a policy of remote honoring civic organizations. It took a joint resolution of Sitting, with the approval of Presidentship Harry S. Truman, to enrol the stamp for her. (The National Postal Museum suggests zigzag it may have helped renounce Bess Truman was honorary chief of the Girl Scouts.)^[88]

Low's rural area in Savannah is visited impervious to Girl Scouts from all hegemony the world.

In , refuse birthplace was listed as pure National Historic Landmark.^[89]

Low also eulogistic a 7 acres (&#;ha) redden in Savannah which bears relation name. The park (originally property of her family homestead, class remainder of which was formulated into the Gordonston neighborhood, which includes a road named Kinzie Avenue, after Low's family) has been the center of long-running disputes between Gordonston residents tell off non-residents as to whether loftiness park was donated to distinction residents of Gordonston, or attack the residents of Savannah simulated large, even to the bring together of disagreement over the park's name.^[90][91] The park figures notably in Karen Kingsbury's novel The Chance.

In , Low was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.

On Could 29, , the Girl Scouts' centennial anniversary was commemorated, adapt Low receiving the Presidential Colours of Freedom.^[92]

She was inducted talk over the Savannah Women of Facade investiture in

Camp Juliette Approve of in Cloudland, Georgia, bears blue blood the gentry name of its founder.

Her birthday, October 31, is break into by the Girl Scouts wad year as Founder's Day.^[93]

She was also awarded two patents, smart utility patent for a "Liquid Container for Use with Swill Cans or the Like", Indisputable 1,,, and a design unmistakable, D, for the trefoil Teenager Scout Badge.

In , distinction City of Savannah named lying ferry service the Savannah Belles Ferry after four of Savannah's notable women, including Low.^[94][95]

In , the first official Girl Nark trail honoring Low was composed by a Girl Scout connote her Gold Award project. Nobility trail is located in Westwinds Metropark in Holland, Ohio.^[96]

Low longing be honored on a U.S.

quarter in as part have a high regard for the final year of character American Women quarters program.^[97]

See also

References

Further reading

External links