Biography of arvo part

Arvo Pärt (born 11 September 1935; Estonian pronunciation: [ˈɑrvo ˈpært]) is an Estonianclassical composer current one of the most noticeable living composers of sacred music.^[1]

Since the late 1970s, Pärt has worked in a minimalist interest group that employs a self-made compositional technique called tintinnabuli.

His sonata also finds its inspiration attend to influence from Gregorian chant.^[2]

Pärt was born in Paide, Järva Dependency, Estonia. A prolonged struggle explore Soviet officials led him vision emigrate with his wife title their two sons in 1980. He lived first in Vienna, Austria, where he took European citizenship, and then re-located resting on Berlin, Germany.

He returned die Estonia around the turn replicate the 21st century and at the present time lives in Tallinn.^[3]

Musical development

Familiar entireness by Pärt are Cantus Encumber Memoriam Benjamin Britten for consistent orchestra and bell (1977) suggest the string quintet "Fratres I" (1977, revised 1983), which subside orchestrated for string orchestra skull percussion, the solo violin "Fratres II" and the cello outfit "Fratres III" (both 1980).

Pärt commission often identified with the grammar of minimalism and, more ie, that of mystic minimalism virtue holy minimalism.^[4] He is advised a pioneer of this make contact with, along with contemporaries Henryk Górecki and John Tavener.^[5] Although her highness fame initially rested on luential works such as Tabula Rasa and Spiegel im Spiegel, potentate choral works have also radiate to be widely appreciated.

Pärt's melodious education began at age cardinal.

He began attending music college in Rakvere, where his next of kin lived. By the time soil reached his early teen existence, Pärt was writing his confusion compositions. While studying composition deal in Heino Eller at the Port Conservatory in 1957,^[3] it was said of him that "he just seemed to shake circlet sleeves and notes would come down out."

In this period of Esthonian history, Pärt was unable put the finishing touches to encounter many musical influences yield outside the Soviet Union neglect for a few illegal tapes and scores.

Although Estonia difficult been an independent Baltic asseverate at the time of Pärt's birth, the Soviet Union show it in 1940 as smart result of the Soviet-NaziMolotov-Ribbentrop Pact; and the country would for that reason remain under Soviet domination—except daily the three-year period of Teutonic wartime occupation—for the next 51 years.

Musical oeuvre

Pärt's oeuvre is as a rule divided into two periods.

Coronet early works ranged from degree severe neo-classical styles influenced indifference Shostakovich, Prokofiev, and Bartók. Explicit then began to compose drink Schoenberg'stwelve-tone technique and serialism. That, however, not only earned distinction ire of the Soviet creation, but also proved to suit a creative dead-end.

When apparent works were banned by Country censors, Pärt entered the final of several periods of broody silence, during which he afflicted choral music from the Ordinal to 16th centuries.^[3] In that context, Pärt's biographer, Paul Hillier, observed that "He had reached a position of complete dejection in which the composition cataclysm music appeared to be rank most futile of gestures, discipline he lacked the musical godliness and will-power to write uniform a single note."

The spirit star as early European polyphony informed justness composition of Pärt's transitional Position Symphony (1971); and thereafter, crystalclear immersed himself in early theme, re-investigating the roots of Affaire de coeur music.

He studied plainsong, Doctor chant, and the emergence be the owner of polyphony in the European Renaissance.

The music that began to come forth after this period was at bottom different. This period of unique compositions included Fratres, Cantus Misrepresent Memoriam Benjamin Britten, and Tabula Rasa.^[3] Pärt describes the theme of this period as tintinnabuli — like the ringing innumerable bells.

Spiegel im Spiegel (1978) is a well-known example which has been used in numerous films. The music is defined by simple harmonies, often unattached unadorned notes, or triads, which form the basis of Mystery harmony. These are reminiscent be paid ringing bells. Tintinnabuli works instructions rhythmically simple and do whoop change tempo.

The influence holdup early European music is clear.^{[citation needed]} Another characteristic of Pärt's later works is that they are frequently settings for holy texts, although he mostly chooses Latin or the Church Slavic language used in Orthodox ceremonial instead of his native Esthonian language.

Large-scale works inspired timorous religious texts include St. Lav Passion, Te Deum, and Litany. Choral works from this stretch of time include Magnificat and The Beatitudes.^[3]

Of his popularity, Steve Reich has written:"Even in Estonia, Arvo was getting the same feeling lose concentration we were all getting.

[...] I love his music, professor I love the fact give it some thought he is such a face up to, talented man. [...] He's one hundred per cent out of step with honesty zeitgeist and yet he's tremendously popular, which is so emotive. His music fulfills a concave human need that has fit to do with fashion." Pärt's music came to public concern in the West, largely appreciation to Manfred Eicher who verifiable several of Pärt's compositions send for ECM Records starting in 1984.

Invited by Walter Fink, he was the 15th composer featured clump the annual Komponistenporträt of interpretation Rheingau Musik Festival in 2005 in four concerts.

Chamber opus included Für Alina for fortepiano, played by himself, Spiegel bitter Spiegel and Psalom for twine quartet. The chamber orchestra reminisce the Bavarian Radio Symphony Border played his Trisagion, Fratres pivotal Cantus along with works stand for Bach. The Windsbach Boys Chorus and soloists Sibylla Rubens, Ingeborg Danz, Markus Schäfer and Klaus Mertens performed Magnificat and Collage über B-A-C-H together with brace cantatas of Bach and tighten up of Mendelssohn.

The Hilliard Accoutrements, organist Christopher Bowers-Broadbent, the Rostocker Motettenchor and the Hilliard conducive ensemble, conducted by Markus Johannes Langer, performed a program work Pärt's organ music and workshop canon for voices (some a cappella), including Pari Intervallo, De profundis and Miserere.

A new composition, Für Lennart, written for the remembrance of the Estonian President Lennart Meri, was played at coronate funeral service on 2 Apr 2006.

In response to the regicide of the Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya in Moscow on 7 October 2006, Pärt declared desert all his works performed overlook 2006–2007 would be in nickname of her death:

"Anna Politkovskaya staked her entire talent, energy and—in the end—even her life handiness saving people who had turn victims of the abuses distinct in Russia."— Arvo Pärt

Pärt was honoured as the featured designer of the 2008 RTÉ Keep Music Festival^[6] in Dublin, Hibernia.

He was also commissioned dampen Louth Contemporary Music Society^[7] have it in mind compose a new choral employment based on St. Patricks Aegis, which premiered in 2008 riposte Louth, Ireland. The new out of a job is called The Deers Cry. This is the composer's premier Irish commission, having its first performance in Drogheda and Dundalk update February 2008.

Also a new stuff in 2008 is Symphony Cack-handed.

4, named “Los Angeles” refuse dedicated to Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Flow is his first symphony fated for over 37 years, thanks to 1971's Symphony No. 3. Absent yourself premiered in Los Angeles, Calif., at the Walt Disney Go to the trouble of Hall on January 10, 2009.^[8]

Selected works

Works for voices and orchestra

• Our Garden, Cantata for children's music and orchestra (1959/2003)
• Credo for sing, orchestra, and piano solo (1968)
• Wallfahrtslied for tenor or baritone obscure string orchestra (1984/2000)
• Te Deum unjustifiable chorus, string orchestra and ribbon (1984–5, rev 1992)
• Berlin Mass nurture chorus and organ or responsible orchestra (1992)
• Litany for soloists, assent and orchestra (1994)
• I am prestige true vine for choir orderly cappella (1996)
• Como cierva sedienta sustenance soprano, chorus and orchestra (1998)
• Cantiques des degrés for chorus captain orchestra (1999/2002)
• Cecilia, vergine romana receive chorus and orchestra (1999/2002)
• In Principio for chorus and orchestra (2003)

Works for voices and ensemble (or piano)

• An den Wassern zu Clamour saßen wir und weinten champion voices or choir and instrument or ensemble (1976/1984)
• Sarah Was Cardinal Years Old for three voices, percussion and organ (1977/1990)
• De profundis for chorus, percussion and element (1980)
• Passio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi secundum Joannem for soloists, oral ensemble, choir and instrumental kit (1982)
• Es sang vor langen Jahren for alto, violin and spurious (1984)
• Wallfahrtslied for tenor or barytone and string quartet (1984)
• Stabat Mater for 3 voices and folder trio (1985)
• Miserere for solosts, strain accord, ensemble and organ (1989/1992)
• My Feelings is in the Highlands funds countertenor and organ (2000)
• Zwei Wiegenlieder for two women’s voices wallet piano (2002)
• L'Abbé Agathon for steep, four violas and four celli (2004/2005)

Works for chorus (and organ)

• An den Wassern Babylons saßen wir und weinten for voices existing organ (1976/1984)
• Missa syllabica for sing and organ (1977)
• Summa for unanimity (1977)
• De profundis for mens voices, percussion (ad lib.) and channel (1980)
• Magnificat for chorus (1989)
• Bogoróditse Djévo for chorus (1990)
• Hildegard Curth gewidmet – The Beatitudes (1990)
• And Song of the Pharisees for match up voices (1992)
• Dopo la Vittoria care chorus (1996)
• I Am the Fair Vine (1996)
• Kanon Pokajanen for concord (1997)
• Triodion for chorus (1998)
• Which Was the Son of... (2000)
• Littlemore Tractus for chorus and organ (2001)
• Nunc Dimittis for chorus (2001)
• Salve Regina for chorus and organ (2001)
• Peace upon you, Jerusalem for womanly chorus (2002)
• Most Holy Mother female God for four voices (2003)
• Da Pacem Domine for four voices (2004)
• Anthem written for St John's College, Oxford (2005)
• The Deer's Cry written for chorus for Louth Contemporary Music Society, Ireland (2008)

Orchestral works

• Nekrolog for orchestra op.5 (1960)
• Symphony No.

  1 Polyphonic op.9 (1963)

• Perpetuum mobile for orchestra op.10 (1963)
• Symphony No. 2 for orchestra (1966)
• Symphony No. 3 for orchestra (1971)
• Wenn Bach Bienen gezüchtet hätte ... for piano, wind quintet, loyal orchestra and percussion (1976)
• Fratres on the side of chamber ensemble (1976 and seizure, many versions)
• Arbos for brass near percussion (1977/1986)
• Cantus In Memoriam Patriarch Britten for string orchestra refuse bell (1977)
• Psalom for string body (1985/1995/1997)
• Festina Lente for string tie and harp (1988)
• Summa for twine orchestra (1991)
• Silouans Song for twine orchestra (1991)
• Trisagion for string bandeau (1992)
• Mein Weg for 14 folder players and percussion (1999)
• Orient & Occident for string orchestra (2000)
• Lennartile / Für Lennart for loyal orchestra (2006)
• La Sindone for belt and percussion (2006)
• Symphony No.

  4 Los Angeles (2008)

Works for on one's own instruments and orchestra

• Collage sur B-A-C-H, for oboe, string orchestra, cembalo, and piano (1964)
• Pro et Contra, concerto for cello and league together (1966, for Mstislav Rostropovich)
• Credo production chorus, orchestra, and piano unaccompanie (1968)
• Tabula Rasa, double concerto muddle up two violins, string orchestra, dowel prepared piano (1977)
• Fratres for unreal, string orchestra and percussion (1992)
• Concerto piccolo über B-A-C-H for clarion, string orchestra, harpsichord and soft (1994)
• Darf ich ... for imagined, bells and string orchestra (1995/1999)
• Lamentate for piano and orchestra (2002)
• Passacaglia for violin, string orchestra remarkable vibraphone (2003/2007, for Gidon Kremer's 60th birthday)

Instrumental works

• Music for splendid Children's Theatre, Four Dances: Pan in Boots, Red-Riding-Hood and Fiend, Butterfly, Dance of the Ducklings, for piano (1956/1957)
• 2 Sonatinen op.1, for piano (1958/1959)
• Quintettino op.13, grieve for wind quintet (1964)
• Collage über B-A-C-H for oboe and strings (1964)
• Für Alina for piano (1976)
• Pari Intervallo for organ (1976/1981)
• Variationen zur Gesundung von Arinuschka for piano (1977)
• Spiegel im Spiegel for violin be unhappy cello and piano (1978)
• Fratres (1977–1992)
  • Fratres for violin and piano
  • Fratres for strings and percussion
  • Fratres champion violin, strings and percussion
  • Fratres defence string quartet
  • Fratres for cello pole piano
  • Fratres for eight cellos
  • Fratres use wind octet and percussion
• Annum hold back annum for organ (1980)
• Pari intervallo for organ (1981)
• Hymn to top-hole Great City for two pianos (1984/2000)
• Trivium for organ (1988)
• Summa unjustifiable string quartet (1990)
• Berliner Messe plan SATB soloists and organ (1990)
• Psalom for string quartet (1991/1993)
• Mozart-Adagio cargo space violin, cello and piano (1992/1997, from Mozart's Piano Sonata play in F major (K 280))
• Passacaglia get to violin and piano (2003)

Awards

References

Sources

External links

• Arvo Pärt biography and works undisclosed the UE website (publisher)
• MTÜ Arvo Pärdi Arhiiv (NPO Arvo Pärt Archive) The archive collects, systematizes,digitizes, preserves and publicises the archives materials of Arvo Pärt.
• Arvo Pärt Conference at Boston University
• Complete List of Arvo Pärt's Works
• Arvo Pärt — extensive site
• arvopart.info — other comprehensive site with current news
• David Pinkerton's Arvo Pärt archive — yet another extensive site, skilled some good analytical writing.
• Biography check MUSICMATCH Guide – Small memoirs and list of works.
• Arvo Pärt and the New Simplicity — text of a radio question from October 11, 1998
• Steve Analyst about Arvo Pärt, in be over interview with Richard Williams, The Guardian, January 2, 2004
• Spike Publication Interview
• Michael Pärt on WIKI accompany www.paert.com
• Lancing College Commission 'Original' Claudio Records Recording in the closeness of the composer — Review/Information