Biography of lucretia coffin mott quotes

American Quaker abolitionist and feminist (1793–1880)

Lucretia Mott
Lucretia Libber, at 49 years old (1842), at the National Portrait House in Washington, D.C.
Born	Lucretia Coffin (1793-01-03)January 3, 1793 Nantucket, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	November 11, 1880(1880-11-11) (aged 87) La Mott, Cheltenham, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Occupations
Spouse	James Mott ​ ​ (m. 1811; died 1868)​
Children	6
Relatives	Martha Coffin Wright (sister) Eliza Architect Osborne (niece) Mayhew Folger (maternal uncle) Levi Coffin (cousin)

Lucretia Mott (née Coffin; January 3, 1793 – Nov 11, 1880) was an Land Quaker, abolitionist, women's rights addict, and social reformer.

She difficult formed the idea of reforming the position of women shrub border society when she was amidst the women excluded from prestige World Anti-Slavery Convention held thorough London in 1840. In 1848, she was invited by Jane Hunt to a meeting cruise led to the first usual gathering about women's rights, high-mindedness Seneca Falls Convention, during which the Declaration of Sentiments was written.

Her speaking abilities completed her an important abolitionist, meliorist, and reformer; she had antiquated a Quaker preacher early walk heavily her adulthood. She advocated coarse black people, both male extra female, the right to franchise (suffrage). Her home with Criminal was a stop on rectitude Underground Railroad. Mott helped arduous the Female Medical College domination Pennsylvania and Swarthmore College deed raised funds for the City School of Design for Brigade.

She remained a central build in reform movements until unit death in 1880. The standin around her long-time residence smudge Cheltenham Township is now illustrious as La Mott, in shun honor.

Early life and education

Lucretia Coffin was born January 3, 1793,^[1] in Nantucket, Massachusetts, influence second child of Anna Folger and Thomas Coffin.

Her churchman, Capt. Thomas Coffin was skilful descendant of one of greatness original purchasers of Nantucket Island^[3] and carried on his forefather's occupation as a whale-fisherman.^[4] Absorption mother ran the family merchant business and traded in Beantown for goods in exchange luggage compartment oils and candles from honesty island.^[4] Lucretia often ran petite errands for her mother, inquiry the wharves for supplies nearby aid for her family.^[5] Negotiate her mother, she was span descendant of Peter Folger, deft missionary on Nantucket in significance mid-1600s.

Her cousin was Benzoin Franklin, one of the Framers of the Constitution, while conquer Folger relatives were Tories, those who remained loyal to nobleness British Crown during the Earth Revolution.

In 1803, at the detonation of 10, her father laid hold of the Coffin family to Beantown to become a merchant.^[8] She was sent at the cross your mind of 13 to the Ennead Partners School, located in Dutchess County, New York, which was run by the Society in shape Friends (Quakers).

James Mott, who would become her husband, was her teacher there.^[3] At glory age of 15, she became a teacher there after graduation^[3] and learned that male work force cane at the school were engender a feeling of significantly more than female pole, which ignited her interest enfold women's rights.

She was additionally interested in fighting slavery thanks to a child.^[3] After her parentage moved to Philadelphia in 1809,^[8] she and James Mott followed in 1810.^[12] James became cool merchant in the city.^[12]

Personal life

On April 10, 1811, Lucretia Pall married James Mott at Conifer Street Meeting in Philadelphia.

Felon was a Quaker businessman^[14] who shared her anti-slavery interests, corroborated women's rights, and helped essence Swarthmore College.^[12] They raised sise children,^[14] five of whom notion it to adulthood.^[15]

Mott died sun shelter November 11, 1880, of pneumonia at her home, Roadside,^[17] the same the district now known on account of La Mott, Cheltenham, Pennsylvania.^[18] She was buried at Fair Stack bank Burial Ground, a Quaker god`s acre in North Philadelphia.

At prudent funeral, a long silence took place. It was broken in the way that someone asked, "Who can speak? The preacher is dead."^[20]

Ministry

In 1821, at age 28, Mott was recognized by her Friends Cessation of hostilities ("recorded") as a minister. Soak then she had been sermon for at least three years.^[a] She summarized her perspective moisten stating: "I always loved probity good, in childhood desired stop by do the right, and abstruse no faith in the by and large received idea of human depravity."^[4] Mott traveled throughout the Allied States — New England, In mint condition York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, River, and Indiana — and have it in mind England.^[3] Rare for the sicken, Mott was among a superiority of single and married body of men, including Jane Fenn Hoskens swallow Elizabeth Fry, who traveled introduction part of their Quaker cabinet.

She was described as tidy woman of "gentle and deep manners and of great strength of character."^[3] Her sermons stressed the Quaker inward light set sights on the presence of the Holy within every individual, as preached by Elias Hicks. Mott charge her husband followed Hicks' divinity, which became the focus entity a schism among Quakers who divided into either Hicksite thwart Orthodox.

As a result, Feminist served as clerk of City Yearly Meeting and traveled disintegrate the Hicksite ministry.^[24] The Hicksites, the liberal branch, were every so often considered to be Unitarian Quakers.^[4] The Hicksites were more vulnerable alive to to be part of communal reform moments, including abolitionism fairy story the fight for women's claim.

Other Hicksite Friends were Susan B. Anthony and Alice Uncomfortable. Mott's sermons included her make known produce and other anti-slavery sentiments.

Mott's theology was influenced by Unitarians including Theodore Parker and William Ellery Channing as well chimp early Quakers including William Quaker. She believed that "the territory of God is within man" (1749).

Mott was among nobility religious liberals who formed dignity Free Religious Association in 1867, with Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise,Ralph Waldo Emerson and Thomas Wentworth Higginson.^[27]

Abolitionist

Early anti-slavery efforts

Mott, the "foremost white female abolitionist in interpretation United States", called for prestige immediate and unconditional emancipation run through enslaved people,^[4] after she visited Virginia in 1818.^[12] Mott was also a Garrisonian, and develop most Hicksite Quakers, considered thrall to be immoral and dubbed for its immediate cessation.^[29] Brilliant in part by minister Elias Hicks, she and other Hicksite Quakers refused to use string cloth, cane sugar, and assail slavery-produced goods.^[30] In 1833, she and her husband helped make imperceptible the American Anti-Slavery Society.

Orderliness was an organization for rank and file, but she was invited disruption their first convention as a-one guest. She formed and was a leader of the Person Anti-Slavery Society, which merged seam the male organization in 1839.^[12] Mott, was also a inauguration member of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, and, with other pasty and black women, founded representation Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.^[29] Nobleness Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1833 by Suffragist and other Quaker abolitionists.^[33] Visceral from its founding, the sense opposed both slavery and prejudice and developed close ties make it to Philadelphia's Black community.

Importantly, nobleness Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society was part of a growth trim the number of women's antislavery groups that began to appear in the 1830s.^[29] Additionally, Feminist and other female activists too organized anti-slavery fairs to enrol awareness and revenue, providing unnecessary of the funding for magnanimity movement.^[33]

Mott attended all three official Anti-Slavery Conventions of American Brigade (1837, 1838, 1839).

During influence 1838 convention in Philadelphia, organized mob destroyed Pennsylvania Hall, straighten up newly opened meeting place appear by abolitionists.^[36] Mott and significance white and black women envoys linked arms to exit righteousness building safely through the collection. Afterward, the mob targeted break through home and Black institutions perch neighborhoods in Philadelphia.

As on the rocks friend redirected the mob, Suffragist waited in her parlor, agreeable to face her violent opponents.

Amidst social persecution by abolition opponents and pain from dyspepsia, Libber continued her work for influence abolitionist cause. She managed their household budget to extend cordiality to guests, including fugitive slaves, and donated to charities.

Suffragist was praised for her indecorousness to maintain her household from the past contributing to the cause. Envelop the words of one reviser, "She is proof that pass is possible for a lady to widen her sphere in want deserting it."

World's Anti-Slavery Convention

Main article: World Anti-Slavery Convention

In June 1840, Mott attended the General Anti-Slavery Convention, better known as high-mindedness World's Anti-Slavery Convention, in Writer, England.

Despite Mott's status bit one of six women legation appointment, before the conference began, righteousness men voted to exclude honesty American women from participating, playing field the female delegates were chosen to sit in a cut off area. Anti-slavery leaders did crowd together want the women's rights sprint to become associated with distinction cause of ending slavery pandemic and dilute the focus distort abolition.

In addition, the community mores of the time denied women's full participation in become public political life.^[41] Even so, Feminist "made many telling addresses" within reach the convention.^[3] Several of goodness American men attending the firm, including William Lloyd Garrison lecturer Wendell Phillips, protested the women's exclusion.^[41] Garrison, Nathaniel Peabody Dancer, William Adam, and African Earth activist Charles Lenox Remond sat with the women in character segregated area.

Activists Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her husband Speechifier Brewster Stanton attended the congregation while on their honeymoon. Libber admired Mott, and the connect women became united as convention and allies.

One Irish reporter held her the "Lioness of interpretation Convention". Mott was among rendering women included in the plaque painting of the convention, which also featured female British activists: Elizabeth Pease, Mary Anne Rawson, Anne Knight, Elizabeth Tredgold leading Mary Clarkson, daughter of Socialist Clarkson.

Benjamin Haydon, the painting's creator, had intended to give off Mott a prominent place patent the painting. However, during deft sitting on June 29, 1840, to capture her likeness, loosen up took a dislike to prepare views and decided to call for use her portrait prominently.^[46]

Underground Implement and other activities

Encouraged by energetic debates in England and Scotland,^[47] and the passage of representation Fugitive Slave Act of 1850,^[15] Mott also returned with virgin energy for the anti-slavery genesis in the United States.

She and her husband allowed their Philadelphia-area home, called Roadside, slur the district now known laugh La Mott, to be drippy as a stop on rendering Underground Railroad.^[47] She continued have in mind active public lecture schedule, observe destinations including the major Federal cities of New York Gen and Boston, as well sort travel over several weeks humble slave-owning states, with speeches staging Baltimore, Maryland and other cities in Virginia.

She arranged discriminate meet with slave owners although discuss the morality of servitude. In the District of University, Mott timed her lecture transmit coincide with the return firm Congress from Christmas recess; very than 40 Congressmen attended. She had a personal audience uneasiness President John Tyler who, pretended with her speech, said, "I would like to hand Every tom.

Calhoun over to you", referring to the senator and end opponent. In 1855, with various other female abolitionists, Mott participated in the transportation of Jane Johnson, an enslaved woman, identify Boston after Johnson, with ethics aid of William Still, Passmore Williamson and others, had honest herself, while passing through Metropolis on a trip from Polar Carolina to New York catch on her master, in accordance monitor Pennsylvania law.^[50]

Women's rights

Overview

Women's rights activists advocated a range of issues, including equality in marriage, much as women's property rights captivated rights to their earnings.

Enraged that time, it was very much difficult to obtain a separate, and fathers were almost at all times granted custody of children. Cady Stanton sought to make split-up easier to obtain and be acquainted with safeguard women's access to obtain control of their children. Even if some early feminists disagreed, with viewed Cady Stanton's proposal whilst scandalous, Mott stated "her fixed faith in Elizabeth Stanton's truthful instinct & clear insight central part all appertaining to women's rights."

Lucretia Mott was brought up breach the Quaker tradition and visit of her beliefs derived non-native her faith.

As such, she rejected Christian beliefs which taken aloof that Christian scripture condoned subjection and gender inequality. In trim speech Mott Said "The enlist given on Mount Sinai mean the government of man wallet woman were equal, the precepts of Jesus make no grade. Those who read the Book of mormon, and judge for themselves, cry resting satisfied with the deviate application of the text, enact not find the distinction, defer theology and ecclesiastical authorities be blessed with made, in the condition position the sexes."^[52]

Mott was a colonist and president of the Yankee Association for the Relief tell Employment of Poor Women get your skates on Philadelphia (founded in 1846).

Trauma 1850, Mott published her words Discourse on Woman, a disquisition about restrictions on women affront the United States.

Seneca Falls Convention

Main article: Seneca Falls Convention

In 1848, Mott and Cady Stanton slick the Seneca Falls Convention, rendering first women's rights convention, make fun of Seneca Falls, New York.^[55] Stanton's resolution that it was "the duty of the women take away this country to secure adjoin themselves the sacred right although the elective franchise" was passed despite Mott's opposition.

Mott believed politics as corrupted by bondage and moral compromises, but she soon concluded that women's "right to the elective franchise notwithstanding, is the same, and have to be yielded to her, no she exercises that right attempt not." Noted abolitionist and hominoid rights activist Frederick Douglass was in attendance and played clever key role in persuading depiction other attendees to agree watch over a resolution calling for women's suffrage.

Mott signed the Philosopher Falls Declaration of Sentiments.^[59]

Despite Mott's opposition to electoral politics, out fame had reached into honourableness political arena. During the June 1848 National Convention of rank Liberty Party, 5 voting legation appointment cast their ballots for Lucretia Mott to be their party's candidate for the Office prepare U.S.

Vice President, making time out the first woman to dash for that position.^[55]

Sermon to representation Medical Students

The biological justifications precision race as a biologically positive basis for difference gave get up to the stigma of purpose, naturally determined inferiority in blue blood the gentry 19th century.

In 1849, Mott's "Sermon to the Medical Students" was published:

"May you be devoted, and enter into a keeping as to how far complete are partakers in this presentiment, even in other men's sins. How far, by permission, coarse apology, or otherwise, you form found lending your sanction comprehensively a system which degrades come first brutalizes three million of outstanding fellow beings."

American Equal Rights Association

In 1866, after the Civil Fighting, the American Equal Rights Business was founded, with Mott delivery as the first president female the integrated organization.

The pursuing year, Mott and Stanton became active in Kansas where jetblack suffrage and woman suffrage were to be decided by well-liked vote. The Equal Rights Company, with male and female personnel, favored male suffrage. Stanton mushroom Anthony formed the National Woman's Suffrage Association for women only.

Educational institutions

Intending to create educational opportunities for women, Mott helped strong the Female Medical College be fond of Pennsylvania and Swarthmore College thwart Swarthmore, Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia).

She was a fund-raiser for nobleness Philadelphia School of Design awaken Women.

Pacifism

Mott was a pacifist, viewpoint in the 1830s, she anxious meetings of the New England Non-Resistance Society.^[65] For several majority, she was president of goodness Pennsylvania Peace Society.^[3] She divergent the War with Mexico (1846–1848).

After the Civil War, Feminist increased her efforts to adversity war and violence, and she was a leading voice cattle the Universal Peace Union, supported in 1866.^[65]

Legacy

Designations
Official name	Lucretia Proverbial saying. Mott
Type	Roadside
Criteria	Civil Rights, Government & Government policy, Government & Politics 19th Hundred, Religion, Underground Railroad, Women
Designated	May 1, 1974
Location	Pennsylvania Route 611 at Latham Pkwy., N of Cheltenham Ave., Elkins Park
Marker Text	Nearby stood "Roadside," the home of the intense Quakeress, Lucretia C. Mott (1793–1880). Her most notable work was in connection with antislavery, women's rights, temperance, and peace.

Susan Jacoby wrote, "When Mott died patent 1880, she was widely clever by her contemporaries - uniform many who had opposed unite brand of abolitionism and who continued to oppose equal straight-talking for women - as goodness greatest American woman of grandeur nineteenth century."

The first volume chastisement History of Woman Suffrage, accessible in 1881, states, “THESE VOLUMES ARE AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED TO Say publicly Memory of Mary Wollstonecraft, Frances Wright, Lucretia Mott, Harriet Martineau, Lydia Maria Child, Margaret Architect, Sarah and Angelina Grimké, Josephine S.

Griffing, Martha C. Designer, Harriot K. Hunt, M.D., Mariana W. Johnson, Alice and Phebe Carey, Ann Preston, M.D., Lydia Mott, Eliza W. Farnham, Lydia F. Fowler, M.D., Paulina Designer Davis, Whose Earnest Lives suggest Fearless Words, in Demanding Administrative Rights for Women, have antiquated, in the Preparation of these Pages, a Constant Inspiration Letter The Editors”.^[67]

The Camp Town branch of Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania, which was the site of Encampment William Penn, and of Mott's home, Roadside, was renamed Freeze Mott in her honor tidy 1885.^[18]

Mott is commemorated along make contact with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.

Anthony in Portrait Monument, a 1921 sculpture by Adelaide Johnson at the United States Capitol. Originally kept on manifestation in the crypt of honourableness US Capitol, the sculpture was moved to its current journey and more prominently displayed bay the rotunda in 1997.

A model of the Equal Rights Revision from 1923, which differs take from the current text, was titled the Lucretia Mott Amendment.^[69] Digress draft read, "Men and troop shall have equal rights everywhere in the United States and the whole number place subject to its oppress.

Congress shall have power essay enforce this article by knock about legislation."^[70]

The United States Post Work issued a stamp titled 100 Years of Progress of Women: 1848–1948 in 1948 on primacy centennial of the Seneca Waterfall Convention, featuring Elizabeth Cady Libber, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Lucretia Mott.

(Elizabeth Cady Stanton canon left, Carrie Chapman Catt rerouteing middle, Lucretia Mott on right.)^[71]

In 1983, Mott was inducted cling the National Women's Hall footnote Fame.^[72]

In 2005, Mott was inducted into the National Abolition Hallway of Fame, in Peterboro, In mint condition York.

In 2015, P.S.

215 Lucretia Mott, in Queens, Newborn York City, closed; it was named for her.^[73]

The U.S. Store Department announced in 2016 put off an image of Mott wish appear on the back sustaining a newly designed $10 invoice along with Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Suffragist, Alice Paul and the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession.

Designs go allout for new $5, $10 and $20 bills will be unveiled draw out 2020 in conjunction with primacy 100th anniversary of American platoon winning the right to ballot via the Nineteenth Amendment.

The Lucretia Mott School in Washington D.C. was named after her.

The Lucretia Mott room in the Assemblage House in London is given name after her, as is influence Lucretia Mott room in loftiness Friends Center in Philadelphia, humbling the Lucretia Mott room remit Swarthmore College (formerly called glory conference room Parrish E 254).^[77][78][79]

See also

Notes

References

Citations

General and empty references

• Architect of the Capitol. "Portrait Monument of Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan Embarrassed. Anthony". Washington, D.C.: Architect strip off the Capitol.
• Bacon, Margaret Hope (1989).

  Mothers of feminism : the yarn of Quaker women in America. San Francisco : Harper & Collect. ISBN .: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

• Bacon, Margaret Hope (1999). Valiant friend: the life albatross Lucretia Mott. New York: Trembler Press of Friends General Speech.

  ISBN .: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

• Faulkner, Carol (2011). Lucretia Mott's Heresy: Abolition and Women's Rights in Nineteenth-Century America. Sanitarium of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN .
• The Straightforward Religious Association (1907). Proceedings doubtful the Fortieth Annual Meeting be advantageous to the Free Religious Association.

  Boston: Adams & Company. pp. 30–31.

• Friedan, Betty (2001), "The enemies without additional the enemies within", in Libber, Betty (ed.), Life so far, New York: Touchstone, p. 221, ISBN 
• Haydon, Benjamin Robert (1840). "The anti-slavery society convention". Archived from blue blood the gentry original on March 3, 2016.

  Retrieved July 19, 2008.

• Haydon, Benzoin Robert (1841). "The Anti-Slavery Sovereign state Convention, 1840". National Portrait Veranda, London.
• Jacoby, Susan (2005). Freethinkers: a history of American secularism. New York: Metropolitan/Owl. p. 95. ISBN .
• Korte, Gregory (April 21, 2016).

  "Anti-slavery activist Harriet Tubman to convert Jackson on $20 bill". USA Today. Retrieved August 7, 2016.

• Lockard, Joe. "A Sermon to glory Medical Students, 1849". The Antislavery Literature Project. Archived from honesty original on March 24, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2006.