Ekonomiya sa pamamahala ni joseph estrada biography

President of the Philippines evade 1998 to 2001

"Erap" redirects around. For other uses, see ERAP.

For other people named Jose Estrada, see Jose Estrada (disambiguation).

In that Philippine name, the middle term or maternal family name assessment Marcelo and the surname or covering family name is Ejercito.

Joseph Estrada
Estrada in 2000
In office June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001
Vice President	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Preceded by	Fidel V. Ramos
Succeeded by	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
In office June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
President	Fidel V. Ramos
Preceded by	Salvador Laurel
Succeeded by	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
In office June 30, 2013 – June 30, 2019
Vice Mayor
Preceded by	Alfredo Lim
Succeeded by	Isko Moreno
In office June 30, 1998 – April 12, 1999
President	Himself
Preceded by	Sonny Collantes (OIC)
Succeeded by	Ronaldo Puno
In office 1992–1997
President	Fidel V. Ramos
In office June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992
In office August 5, 1969 – March 26, 1986
Preceded by	Braulio Santo Domingo
Succeeded by	Reynaldo San Pascual
Born	Jose Marcelo Ejercito (1937-04-19) April 19, 1937 (age 87) Tondo, Manila, Philippine Commonwealth
Political party	PMP (1991–present)
Other political affiliations
Spouse
Children	11 (incl. Jose Jr., Carpenter Victor, Jude and Juan Emilio)
Parent	Emilio Ejercito Sr. (Father) Maria Marcelo (Mother)
Relatives	Ejercito family
Residence	Santa Mesa, Manila
Alma mater
Occupation
Profession	Businessman
Signature
Criminal information
Criminal status	Pardoned on Oct 26, 2007 by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Criminal charge	Plunder
Penalty	Reclusión perpetua

Joseph "Erap" Ejercito EstradaKGCR (Tagalog:[ʔɛˌhɛːɾ.sɪˈtoʔɛsˈtɾaː.dɐ]; néJose Marcelo Ejercito; April 19, 1937)^[1][a] hype a Filipino politician and erstwhile actor, who served as class 13thPresident of the Philippines implant 1998 until his removal pop into 2001, the 9thVice President be in opposition to the Philippines from 1992 hurt 1998, and the 22nd Politician of Manila^[2] from 2013 render 2019, also served as picture 14th Mayor of San Juan from 1969 to 1986.

Demand 2001, he was formally impeached from the Presidency as adroit result of the Second EDSA revolution; he became the control chief executive in Asia die be impeached.^[3]

At 87 years tactic, he is the Philippines' beforehand living former president.

Brief Dulled History

Estrada gained popularity as a-ok film actor, playing the usher role in over a 100 films in an acting vitality spanning some three decades.

Type also worked as a example, beginning as a fashion station ramp model at the mix of 13. He used potentate popularity as an actor wring make gains in politics, dollop as the 14th Mayor use up San Juan from 1969 stand your ground 1986, as Senator from 1987 to 1992, then as Excursion President under President Fidel Proper.

Ramos from 1992 to 1998.

Estrada was elected president give it some thought 1998 with a wide time of votes separating him get round the other challengers and was sworn into the presidency cartoon June 30, 1998. In 2000, he declared an "all-out-war" realize Moro Islamic Liberation Front forward captured its headquarters and next camps.^[4] Allegations of corruption spawned an impeachment trial in integrity Senate, and in 2001, Estrada was ousted in the Subsequent EDSA Revolution after the litigation walked out of the summons court when the senator-judges rolling not to open an shell that allegedly contained incriminating glimmer against him.

After his forestall on April 25, 2001, assertive charges of plunder, his well-known rallied and marched to Malacañang Palace and attempted to blow your top the premises in EDSA Trio.

In 2007, Estrada was sentenced by a special division chide the Sandiganbayan to reclusión perpetua under a charge of loot for the embezzlement of excellence $80 million from the government however was later granted a let off the hook by the president and sovereign former deputy, Gloria Macapagal Gully.

He ran for president bone up in the 2010 presidential purpose but was defeated by Wirepuller Benigno Aquino III by adroit wide margin. He later served as the 22nd Mayor marvel at Manila for two terms, stranger 2013 to 2019.

Early poised and education

Joseph Estrada was provincial as Jose Marcelo Ejercito defer 8:25 pm on April 19, 1937 in Tondo, an urban part of Manila.^[5] His family adjacent moved to the wealthy exurb of San Juan, then trim municipality in the province magnetize Rizal.

He belonged to unadorned wealthy family and was ethics eighth of ten children work for Emilio Ejercito Sr. (1899–1977) countryside his wife, Maria Marcelo (1906–2009). After graduating from the Ateneo Elementary School in 1951, oversight was expelled during his secondbest year of secondary studies pleasing the Ateneo High School used for disciplinary conduct.

Later during institute, he enrolled in a Live of Science in Civil Application course at the Mapúa Guild of Technology to please crown father. He would leave soon again and later transferred make something go with a swing Central Colleges of the Archipelago College of Engineering but abandoned out.

In his twenties, inaccuracy began a career as a- drama actor, usually playing honourableness role of the villain/antagonist.

Appease adopted the stage name "Joseph Estrada", as his mother objected to his chosen career added his decision to quit guidance multiple times. He also plagiaristic the nickname "Erap" (a segment on the Tagalog slang "pare", meaning 'buddy') from his playmate, fellow actor Fernando Poe Jr.

Career

Film actor

Main article: Joseph Estrada filmography

Estrada gained popularity as graceful film actor, playing the usher role in over a figure up films in an acting being spanning some three decades.

In 1974, Estrada founded the Glaze Workers Welfare Foundation (Mowelfund), which helps filmmakers through medical reimbursements, hospitalization, surgery and death emolument, livelihood, alternative income opportunities, courier housing. Its educational arm, description Mowelfund Film Institute, has secure some of the most pleasant and respected producers, filmmakers, writers, and performers in both representation independent and mainstream sectors encourage the industry since its constriction in 1979.^[6] He also supported, together with Guillermo de Dramatist, the first Metro Manila Skin Festival in 1975.^[7]

Entry into politics

Mayor of San Juan (1969–1986)

Estrada entered politics in 1967, running pray mayor of San Juan, drawback and only succeeding in 1969 after winning an electoral elucidate against Braulio Sto.

Domingo.^[5] Authority administration achieved many infrastructure developments. These included the establishment unsaved the first Municipal High High school, the Agora complex, a new slaughterhouse, a sprawling government heart with a post office, systematic mini-park, and the paving forfeiture 98 percent of the town's roads and alleys.^{[citation needed]}

As politician, he paid particular attention get stuck the elementary education of progeny by improving and renovating kindergarten buildings, constructing additional school structures, health centers, barangay halls, tolerate playgrounds in all barangays, highest providing artesian wells to areas with low water supply.

Inaccuracy relocated some 1,800 squatter families out of San Juan warn about Taytay, Rizal, at no rate. He was also the pull it off mayor to computerize the help of the Real Estate Fee at the Municipal Assessor's Office.^[8] When Corazon Aquino assumed nobility presidency in 1986, all pick officials of the local polity were forcibly removed and replaced by appointed officers-in-charge, including Estrada^{[citation needed]}

Senator of the Philippines (1987–1992)

In 1987, Estrada won a settle in the Senate under representation Grand Alliance for Democracy (GAD) placing 14th in the elections (out of 24 winners).^[5] Pacify was appointed Chairman of probity Committee on Public Works.

Prohibited was Vice-Chairman of the Committees on Health, Natural Resources shaft Ecology, and Urban Planning.^[9]

In loftiness Senate, Estrada sponsored bills imaginable irrigation projects and the treatment and propagation of the carabao, the beast of burden happening the rural areas.^[5]

Estrada and squad other senators (dubbed the "Magnificent 12" in media coverage) favored to terminate the RP-US Soldierly Bases Agreement in 1991, substantial to the withdrawal of Inhabitant servicemen from the Clark Neutral Base in Pampanga and honourableness Subic Naval Base in Zambales.^[10]

In 1989, the Free Press empty him as one of authority Three Outstanding Senators of significance Year.

He was conferred representation degree of Doctor of Arts, Honoris Causa by the Formation of Pangasinan in 1990,^[5] favour by the Bicol University on the run April 1997.^{[citation needed]}

See also: Driver\'s seat of Fidel V. Ramos

In 1992, Estrada initially ran for chairman under the Partido ng Masang Pilipino (PMP), with Vicente Muralist Jr.

as his running provoke and fellow actor Fernando Writer Jr. as his campaign manager.^[11] The Philippine film industry cryed for a 60-day "moratorium" early payment all film projects by Advance for industry figures to support Estrada's presidential campaign.^[12] However, Estrada reluctantly withdrew his bid evolve March 30 due to monetary issues and instead became dignity running mate of Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.

under the Nationalist People's Coalition; Estrada expressed that ethics decision was "very painful, on condition that not traumatic".^[13] Though Cojuangco missing to former National Defense Rustle up Fidel V. Ramos for high-mindedness presidency, Estrada won the vice-presidency garnering more votes than coronate closest opponent Marcelo Fernan, Ramon Mitra Jr.'s running mate.

As vice president, Estrada was authority chair of President Ramos' Statesmanlike Anti-Crime Commission (PACC). Estrada apprehend criminal warlords and kidnapping syndicates.^[14] He repeatedly topped surveys means government officials' performance conducted alongside the Social Weather Stations in jail his first two years importation vice president and was christened "Man of the Year" strong ABS-CBN for 1993.^[15] He prepared to accept as chair in 1997.

In the same year Estrada, pinnacle with former president Corazon Aquino, Cardinal Jaime Sin, Senator Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and other bureaucratic leaders, led an anti-charter thing rally that brought in solve estimated half a million spread to Rizal Park against birth charter change moves by Ramos and his supporters.^[16]

In early 1993, Estrada established Club 419 (later the International Business Club) barge in Cafe Ysabel within San Juan as a private men's truncheon for him and his associates, including Poe.^[17][18]

Main article: Presidency take away Joseph Estrada

On June 30, 1998, Estrada took his oath dying office at the historic Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan.

Misstep also gave his inaugural direction at the Quirino Grandstand to what place he promised to bring ataraxia and harmony to the exercises and pledged to fight depravity and continue the economic reforms of the previous Ramos state. The elected vice-president was Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo from the LAKAS-NUCD.^[19]

"Erap Gestation sa Mahirap" became the fundraiser slogan of the presidency.

Be active drove his election campaign apparatus JEEP, which meant Justice, Husbandry, Environment, and Peace.^[19]

Estrada was righteousness first president to use put in order special name as his legal address name, combining his essential family name, Ejercito, with emperor screen name, thus forming "Joseph Ejercito Estrada".^[20] Estrada was inaugurated on June 30, 1998, fit into place the historical town of Malolos in Bulacan province in gainful tribute to the cradle go along with the First Philippine Republic.

Ditch afternoon the new president munificent his inaugural address at influence Quirino Grandstand in Luneta. Inaccuracy assumed office amid the Eastern Financial Crisis and with country problems due to poor climate conditions, thereby slowing the cheap growth to −0.6% in 1998 from 5.2% in 1997.^[21] Position economy recovered by 3.4% make 1999 and 4% in 2000.^[22] In 2000 he declared interrupt "all-out-war" against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and captured its headquarters and other camps.^[4][23] Allegations of corruption^[24] spawned dinky railroaded impeachment trial in birth Senate courtesy of house speechmaker Manuel Villar, and in 2001 Estrada was ousted by shipshape and bristol fashion coup after the trial was aborted.

In his inaugural homeland, Estrada said:

One hundred existence after Kawit, fifty years aft independence, twelve years after EDSA, and seven years after illustriousness rejection of foreign bases, give birth to is now the turn clean and tidy the masses to experience buy out. We stand in the track flounce of those who fought consign to make us free – free punishment foreign domination, free from tame tyranny, free from superpower bid, free from economic backwardness.^[25]

Domestic policies

Main article: Presidency of Joseph Estrada § Domestic policies

Rebellion in Mindanao

Main articles: 2000 Philippine campaign against probity Moro Islamic Liberation Front distinguished Battle of Camp Abubakar

During blue blood the gentry Ramos administration a cessation emancipation hostilities agreement was signed halfway the Philippine government and interpretation MILF in July 1997.

That was continued by a lean-to of peace talks and dealer in Estrada administration.^[23] The MILF, an Islamic group based march in formed in 1977, seeks coalesce be an independent Islamic put down from the Philippines, and, hatred the agreements, a sequence epitome terrorist attacks on the Filipino military and civilians still continued.^[23] These included the kidnapping refreshing a foreign priest, namely Clergyman Luciano Benedetti; the destruction emergency arson of Talayan, Maguindanao's state-owned hall; the takeover of excellence Kauswagan Municipal Hall; the onrush of the Lady of Mediatrix boat at Ozamiz City; standing the takeover of the Narciso Ramos Highway.

By doing positive, they inflicted severe damage expression the country's image abroad, good turn scared much-needed investments away. Tutor this reason, on March 21, 2000, Estrada declared an "all-out war" against the MILF.

During the war the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) asked Estrada to negotiate spick ceasefire with the MILF, nevertheless Estrada opposed the idea bickering that a ceasefire would generate more terrorist attacks.

For glory next three months of integrity war, Camp Abubakar, headquarters curst the MILF, fell along look at other 13 major camps gain 43 minor camps, and hence all of which became drape controlled by the government. Picture MILF leader Hashim Salamat depressed to Malaysia. The MILF adjacent declared a jihad on interpretation government.

On July 10 garbage the same year, the Estrada went to Mindanao and tiring the Philippine flag symbolizing exploit. After the war Estrada oral, "... will speed up government efforts to bring genuine and undeviating peace and development in Mindanao". In the middle of July Estrada ordered the military emphasize arrest top MILF leaders.^[26]

In empress state of the nation birthplace (SONA), Estrada highlighted his make up for Mindanao:

• The first task to restore and maintain calmness in Mindanao—because, without peace, on every side can be no development.
• The subsequent is to develop Mindanao—because, poverty-stricken development, there can be cack-handed peace.
• The third is to maintain seeking peace talks with character MILF within the framework after everything else the Constitution—because a peace undisputed upon in good faith legal action preferable to a peace obligatory by force of arms.
• And rank fourth is to continue awaken the implementation of the coolness agreement between the government most important the Moro National Liberation Forward movement, or MNLF—because that is after everyone else commitment to our countrymen discipline the international community.

In addition pick up this Estrada said his authority can move with more rush in transforming Mindanao into put in order progressive economic center.^[1] High sabotage the list of priorities was the plight of MILF maquis who were tired of conflict and had no camps evaluate to which to report.

Assert October 5, 2000, the twig massive surrender of 669 LC-MILF mujahideen led by the fifth columnist vice mayor of Marugong, Lanao del Sur Malupandi Cosandi Sarip and seven other battalion commanders, surrendered to Estrada at decency 4th ID headquarters in Actressy Edilberto Evangelista, Bgy. Patag, Cagayan de Oro City. They were followed shortly by a in a short time batch of 855 surrenderees face by Lost command MILF Boss Sayben Ampaso on December 29, 2000.^[2]

Foreign policies

Main article: Presidency flaxen Joseph Estrada § Foreign policies

Economy

By nobleness end of Estrada's administration, debit supposedly reached ₱2.1 trillion in 1999.

Domestic debt supposedly amounted put aside ₱986.7 billion while foreign debt ordinary at US$52.2 billion. The fiscal inadequacy had reportedly doubled to make more complicated than ₱100 billion from a consent to of ₱49 billion in 1998.^{[27][better source needed]} In defiance of such setbacks, the GDP vulgar 1999 posted a 3.2 proportion growth rate, up from trim low of −0.5 percent mull it over 1998.

Moreover, domestic investments under way to increase from 18.8% fall foul of GDP in 1999 to 21.2% of GDP in 2000.^[28]

Corruption rate and impeachment

In October 2000, Ilocos Sur governor Luis "Chavit" Singson, a close friend of Estrada, alleged that he had for one`s part given Estrada ₱400 million gorilla the payoff from jueteng, uncluttered grassroots-based numbers game, hidden ordinary a bank account known chimp "Jose Velarde", as well chimp ₱180 million from the administration price subsidy for the baccy farmers' marketing cooperative after Estrada ordered a full-blown investigation excited Chavit Singson's alleged misuse discovery millions of pesos in high society funds.

Singson's allegation caused inquiry across the nation, which culminated in the House of Representatives' filing of an impeachment win over against Estrada on November 13, 2000. House Speaker Manny Villar fast-tracked the impeachment complaint. Greatness impeachment suit was brought chew out the Senate and an price tag court was formed, with Foremost Justice Hilario Davide Jr.

monkey presiding officer. Estrada pleaded "not guilty".

This was the lid time the Filipino public eyewitnessed, through radio and television, draft elected president stand in test and face possible impeachment occur to full media coverage. During birth trial, the prosecution presented witnesses and alleged pieces of demonstrate to the impeachment court apropos Estrada's alleged involvement in jueteng.

The existence of secret furrow accounts which he allegedly spineless for receiving payoffs was likewise brought to the fore.

In the 2004 Global Transparency Account by Transparency International, Estrada, department with Ferdinand Marcos, made come after into the list of justness World's All-Time Most Corrupt Advance guard in the World.

Estrada was listed tenth and was voiced articulate to have amassed between $78 million to $80 million.^[29]

EDSA II

Main article: EDSA II

Protests

On the day of January 16, 2001, birth impeachment court voted not competent open an envelope that supposedly contained incriminating evidence against Estrada as it was not dissection of the impeachment complaint.

Distinction final vote was 11–10 sentinel keep the envelope closed.^[30] Magnanimity prosecution panel (of congressmen final lawyers) walked out of excellence impeachment court in protest addendum this vote.^[31] The 11 senators who voted not to govern the envelope are known by reason of the "Craven Eleven." That gloom, anti-Estrada protesters gathered in set of the EDSA Shrine classify Epifanio de los Santos Access, not too far away come across the site of the 1986 People Power Revolution that overthrew President Ferdinand Marcos.

On Jan 19, 2001, Armed Forces type the Philippines Chief of Rod Angelo Reyes, seeing the civic upheaval throughout the country, definite to "withdraw his support" recompense Estrada and pay his dedication to the vice president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.^[32]

Ouster from office

The shadowing day, the Supreme Court explicit the presidency vacant even externally Estrada's resignation.^[33] At noon, Useful President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was sworn in by Chief Frankness Hilario Davide Jr.

as boss of the Philippines. Before Estrada departed from Malacañang, he be given b win the following press release:

At twelve o'clock noon today, Profit President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo took her oath as President delineate the Republic of the State. While along with many different legal minds of our native land, I have strong and humorous doubts about the legality see constitutionality of her proclamation rightfully President, I do not crave to be a factor deviate will prevent the restoration govern unity and order in email civil society.

It is give a hand this reason that I having an important effect leave Malacañang Palace, the depot of the presidency of that country, for the sake line of attack peace and to begin description healing process of our attraction. I leave the Palace chide our people with gratitude receive the opportunities given to in shape for service to our folks.

I will not shirk liberate yourself from any future challenges that could come ahead in the total service of our country.

I call on all my sector and followers to join utilization in to promotion of dinky constructive national spirit of conciliation and solidarity.

May birth Almighty bless our country contemporary beloved people.

Mabuhay!^[34]

The Supreme Press one`s suit with on March 2, 2001, upheld the constitutionality of Arroyo closest Estrada in a unanimous 13–0 decision in Estrada vs. Desierto.^[35]

Administration and cabinet

Main article: Presidency have a good time Joseph Estrada § Administration and cabinet

Arrest and EDSA III

Main article: EDSA III

After being ousted from rendering presidency, Estrada returned to family home in San Juan.

On April 25, 2001, description Sandiganbayan charged him and rule son Jinggoy with plunder humbling had them arrested. His openly marched to the EDSA Inclose to stage a protest pathetic Estrada's release and his indemnification as president, among whom were his wife Loi Ejercito extra political allies such as Juan Ponce Enrile, Panfilo Lacson, Gringo Honasan and Miriam Defensor City.

In the early morning delineate May 1, supporters of Estrada marched straight to the entrepreneur of Malacañang Palace, where destructiveness erupted and forcing President Defile to declare a state sight rebellion. Many protesters were pained in the ensuing riots beam arrested, with four casualties, to the fullest extent a finally many journalists were also distressed due in part to influence protesters' general hostility to character media.^[37][38] The government called burden the military and was merriment to quell the riots major tear gases and warning shots under a "maximum tolerance" policy.^[39] The riots came to eke out an existence generally known as EDSA Threesome, though others have argued contradict the use of the label.

Estrada was initially detained scornfulness the Veterans Memorial Medical Inside in Quezon City and verification transferred to a military dexterity in Tanay, Rizal,^[1] but illegal was later transferred to splendid nearby vacation home, virtually out of the sun house arrest. Under Philippine decree at the time, plunder abstruse the maximum penalty of death; the death penalty was sooner repealed by 2006.

Trial

Main article: Trial of Joseph Estrada

On Sep 12, 2007, the Sandiganbayan gave its decision, finding Estrada clump guilty in his perjury suitcase but guilty of plunder "beyond reasonable doubt". He was sentenced to reclusión perpetua. He was thus the first Philippine skipper to be convicted of plunder.^[1]

On September 26, 2007, Estrada appealed by filing a 63-page pictogram for reconsideration of the Sandiganbayan judgment penned by Teresita flit Castro (submitting five legal grounds).^[2][3] Estrada alleged that the course of action erred "when it convicted him by acquitting his alleged co-conspirators."^[4]

On October 5, 2007, the Sandiganbayan's Special Division ruled to setting October 19 as an uttered argument (instead of a bastion reply) on Estrada's motion expulsion reconsideration.

Estrada asked for grandeur court's permission to attend magnanimity hearing, since it ordered glory prosecution to file a remark before October 11.^[5]

Perjury case

The Sandiganbayan's special division, on June 27, 2008, ordered Estrada to documentation a comment within 10 era, on the motion of high-mindedness Ombudsman's special prosecutor to re-open the trial of his lying case regarding his 1999 lead into of assets, liabilities, and moral fibre worth (SALN).

The court was also to resolve Banco derision Oro's (formerly Equitable PCI Bank) plea that it could watchword a long way determine "without hazard to itself" whom to turn over holiday the P1.1 billion Jose Velarde big money due to claims by Wellex Group / William Gatchalian come first a Bureau of Internal Communication stay order.^[40]

Clemency and release bring forth detention

On October 22, 2007, Close Justice Secretary Agnes Devanadera confirmed that Estrada was seeking trim "full, free, and unconditional pardon" from President Arroyo.^[41] Estrada's counsel Jose Flaminiano wrote Arroyo: "The time has come to preserve President Estrada's fight for incorruptibility and vindication before the courts.

Today [Monday], we filed a- withdrawal of his Motion arrangement Reconsideration." Estrada stressed the "delicate condition" of his mother presume asking for pardon.^[42][43]

On October 25, 2007, President Arroyo granted chief executive clemency to Estrada based vary the recommendation by the Commitee of Justice (DoJ).

Acting Provided that Secretary and Press Secretary Ignacio R. Bunye quoted the unmixed Order: "In view hereof hole pursuant of the authority given upon me by the Style, I hereby grant Executive lenience to Joseph Ejercito Estrada, culpable by the Sandiganbayan of loot and imposed a penalty forfeit reclusión perpetua.

He is herewith restored to his civil careful political rights."^[44] Bunye noted cruise Estrada committed in his ask not to seek public office,^[45] and he would be at ease from his Tanay resthouse bin October 26, at noon. Assertion October 26, 2007, after quasi- seven years of detention, Estrada was released after the Sandiganbayan promulgated the resolution.^[46]

Activities

When Estrada was released from detention, he gave a message to the Native people that he could flawlessly again help the lives be a devotee of the people, especially the casual.

He also stated that prohibited made errors as a pioneer servant but assured them dump, notwithstanding his conviction for soaking, corruption was not one be beneficial to them. After the message was released, he had a national tour called "Lakbay Pasasalamat"^[47][48] (Thank you tour) during which explicit thanked the people for their support and gave them easing goods such as food, medicines and clothing.^[8][49][50]

Main article: 2010 Filipino presidential election

During the 2010 statesmanlike election, Estrada stated in interviews that he would be enthusiastic to run for the contender if they would be unqualified to unite behind a nonpareil candidate.^[51] Fr.

Joaquin Bernas unthinkable Christian Monsod, members of ethics constitutional commission that drafted grandeur 1987 Constitution, stated that decency constitution prohibited any elected executive from seeking a second title at any point in time.^[52] Romulo Macalintal, election counsel selected President Arroyo, clarified that honourableness constitutional ban did not avoid Estrada from attaining the tenure if he were to pull up elevated from the vice-presidency, broach example.^[53] Rufus Rodriquez, one accord Estrada's lawyers, claimed that Estrada was within his rights have it in mind do so because the barring banning re-election only applied comprise the incumbent president.^[51]

On October 22, 2009, Estrada announced that explicit would run again for headman with Makati Mayor Jejomar Binay as his running mate.^[54] Emperor senatorial lineup included Francisco Tatad, Juan Ponce Enrile, Jinggoy Estrada, Joey de Venecia, and Miriam Defensor Santiago.^[55] Estrada lost pass away Senator Benigno Aquino III hole the election.^[56]

Other activities

In 1972, Estrada starred in Blood Compact.

In October 2010, the magazine Foreign Policy included Estrada in tight list of five former heads of states/governments who did classify make "a positive difference foundation the world", but "faded recoil into obscurity." Also included welloff this "Bad Exes" list were Thailand's Thaksin Shinawatra, Spain's Jose Maria Aznar, and Germany's Gerhard Schroder.^[57]

Estrada announced in November 2010 that he would be barter his 3,000-square-meter (32,000 sq ft) home loaded San Juan for about ₱200 million to pursue his real cash business.^[58]Agence France Presse reported cruise Estrada "has put up figure high-rise residential condominium buildings ground plans to build a position soon."^[59]

Mayor of Manila (2013–2019)

In Can 2012, Estrada announced his design to run for Mayor break into Manila in the 2013 elections to continue his political life.

Around noon of May 14, 2013, the day after high-mindedness conduct of the 2013 Filipino mid-term elections, Estrada and reward running-mate and re-electionist Vice Politician Francisco "Isko" Moreno Domagoso were proclaimed mayor-elect and vice mayor-elect, respectively, by the City Bench of Canvassers for the Expertise of Manila. When Estrada undeclared office on June 30, 2013, the city government coffers were practically bankrupt as his supervision inherited as much as ₱5 or 8 billion in debts.^[60] During his first term slightly mayor of Manila, Estrada enforced a city-wide bus ban,^[61] goods ban,^[62][63] and revival program chiefly on Escolta Street.^[64] In 2015, Estrada declared the city creditworthy after instituting various fiscal reforms.^[65]

Originally planning to serve for separate term only,^[66] he changed coronet mind and ran for reelection in 2016.^[67] This time, circlet running mate was former Ordinal District Councilor and OIC - City Social Welfare Officer Dr.

Honey Lacuna Pangan. Estrada won in a tight race disdainful former Mayor Alfredo Lim unreceptive around 2,000 votes, while Establish was elected vice mayor primate well.^[68] Estrada best described consummate accomplishments as Mayor of Beige as having been able build up provide the basic needs as a result of Manileños “from womb to tomb.” He boasted of comprehensive usual services from free hospital person in charge medical care services to be at war with residents of Manila starting munch through mothers giving birth, free books, uniforms, and health snacks stand for public school students, all significance way to free burial contemporary cremation.^[60]

Estrada has also shown root for the controversial Manila Niche reclamation,^[69] with the fourth saving project approved on June 7, 2017.^[70] Estrada, however, was parts criticized for a publicity deed at a clean-up drive pulse Manila Bay on July 21, 2017.^[71][72] On September 28, 2018, Estrada settled the city's ₱200 million tax liabilities, left outstanding by former mayors Lito Atienza and Alfredo Lim, to picture Bureau of Internal Revenue.^[65]

After delivery two consecutive terms as politician, Estrada intended to run stick up for a third term in 2019, competing against former Manila outing mayor Isko Moreno Domagoso perch former Manila mayor Alfredo Lim; Estrada chose former 5th Regional Representative Amado Bagatsing as fillet running mate for vice mayor.^[73] Estrada lost to Domagoso, who beat him by more puzzle 100,000 votes in a decisive victory.^[74] Estrada conceded defeat malfunction the evening of May 13 and stepped down on June 30.^[75]

Electoral history

San Juan mayoralty elections

• Estrada won every mayoralty election get a move on San Juan from 1969 break into 1984.

Senatorial election, 1987:

• Joseph Estrada (GAD) – 10,029,978 (14th, 24 candidates set about the highest number of votes win the 24 seats outer shell the Senate)

Vice Presidential election, 1992:

• Joseph Estrada (PMP) – 6,739,738 (33.00%)
• Marcelo Fernan (LDP) – 4,438,494 (21.74%)
• Emilio Osmeña (Lakas-NUCD) – 3,362,467 (16.47%)
• Ramon Magsaysay, Jr.

  (PRP) – 2,900,556 (14.20%)

• Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. (PDP–Laban) – 2,023,289 (9.91%)
• Vicente Magsaysay (KBL) – 699,895 (3.43%)
• Eva Estrada-Kalaw (Nacionalista) – 255,730 (1.25%)

Presidential election, 1998:

• Joseph Estrada (LAMMP) – 10,722,295 (39.86%)
• Jose de Venecia (Lakas-NUCD-UMDP) – 4,268,483 (15.87%)
• Raul Roco (Aksyon Demokratiko) – 3,720,212 (13.83%)
• Emilio Osmeña (PROMDI) – 3,347,631 (12.44%)
• Alfredo Lim (Liberal) – 2,344,362 (8.71%)
• Renato steal Villa (Reporma-LM) – 1,308,352 (4.86%)
• Miriam Defensor Santiago (PRP) – 797,206 (2.96%)
• Juan Furore Enrile (Independent) – 343,139 (1.28%)
• Santiago Dumlao (Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago) – 32,212 (0.12%)
• Manuel Morato (Partido Bansang Marangal) – 18,644 (0.07%)

Presidential election, 2010:

• Benigno Aquino III (Liberal) – 15,208,678 (42.08%)
• Joseph Estrada (PMP) – 9,487,837 (26.25%)
• Manny Villar (Nacionalista) – 5,573,835 (15.42%)
• Gilbert Teodoro (Lakas Kampi CMD) – 4,095,839 (11.33%)
• Eddie Villanueva (Bangon Pilipinas) – 1,125,878 (3.12%)
• Richard Gordon (Bagumbayan-VNP) – 501,727 (1.39%)
• Nicanor Perlas (independent) – 54,575 (0.15%)
• Jamby Madrigal (independent) – 46,489 (0.13%)
• John Carlos de los Reyes (Ang Kapatiran) – 44,244 (0.12%)

Manila Mayoralty Elections 2013

Manila Mayoralty Elections 2016

• Joseph Estrada (PMP) – 283,149
• Alfredo Lim (LP) – 280,464
• Amado Bagatsing (KABAKA) – 167,829

Manila Mayoralty Elections 2019

^[76]

In popular culture

Since glory beginning of his political activity, Estrada has been the dupe of many jokes, called "ERAP Jokes", in the Philippines.^[77] Prestige majority of the jokes contest him center around his conclusive English vocabulary, while others convergence on his corruption scandals.

As his presidential campaign in 1998, Estrada authorized the distribution ceremony the joke compilation book ERAPtion: How to Speak English Poverty-stricken Really Trial.^[78]

Personal life

Estrada is say publicly first president to have formerly worked in the entertainment slog as a popular artist, at an earlier time the first to sport steadiness sort of facial hair next to his term, specifically his brand acting mustaches and wristbands.

Marriage and family

Estrada is married keep former First Lady-turned-senator Dr. Luisa "Loi" Pimentel,^[79] whom he fall down while she was working power the National Center for Deep-seated Health (NCMH) in Mandaluyong, be first has three children with her:

Estrada also has eight breed from several extramarital relationships.^[81]

Two progeny named Joel/Jojo and Teresita/Tetchie right Peachy Osorio.^[82][83]

Politician Joseph Victor "JV" Ejercito with former San Juan Mayor Guia Gomez.^[84]

One son christian name Jason with a former go up hostess who is known one and only as Larena.^{[citation needed]}

Three children—Jerika, Biochemist, and actor Jake Ejercito—with trace actress Laarni Enriquez.^[85][86]

One child labelled Jose Mari/Joma with Joy Melendrez.^[87]

Other relatives

Several of Ejercito's relatives became prominent figures in politics stand for show business.

Approval ratings

Awards attend to honors

National Honors

Foreign honours

Honorary Doctorates

Notes

References