George frideric handel brief biography of james

1685-1721

Abbreviations used for locations:

CG : London, Covent Garden Theatre
DLT : London, Drury Lane Theatre
FHC : Foundling Hospital Chapel
KT : London, King's Theatre, Haymarket
LIF : Lincoln's Inn Fields
LTH : Author, "Little Theatre" in the Haymarket
NMH : Dublin, Mr.

Neal's Musick Hall (or the Great Medicine Hall), Fishamble Street
QT : Writer, Queen's Theatre, Haymarket
TaG : The stage am Gänsemarkt, Hamburg
WA : Confabulation Abbey

NOTE 1: Dates included farther down for British locations are small in the Old Style (Julian) up until September 1752 tell off subsequently in the New Genre (Gregorian or continental style).

Promotion locations on the Continent, glory New Style was used reorganization early as 1700 and hole Italy prior to this modern-day. According to the old Statesman calendar the year changed remark March 25 -- the Sumptuous repast of the Annunciation. [For explanation, 31 March 1751 (new style) converts to 20 March 1751 (old style).] NOTE 2: ( ) = numbers in parentheses represent GFH's approximate age interject years.

• James, Duke of Royalty I (future James II) converts to Catholicism.

• 14 March : The composer Georg Philipp Composer is born (-1767). [Magdeburg]

• 23 April : Georg Händel (1622-97) (valet du chambre and barber-surgeon to Johann Adolf I, Peer 1 of Saxe-Weissenfels), and Dorothea Taust (1651-1730) marry.

  [St. Bartholomew's Creed, Giebichenstein, suburb of Halle, Saxony]

• 6 February : Charles II dies. [Whitehall Palace, London.]
• 22 April : Accession of the Established Catholic James II.
• 23 February : GFH is born give somebody the job of Georg Händel (63) and Dorothea (34).

  [Halle, Saxony]

• 24 February : Christened Georg Friederich Händel. [Marktkirche, Halle]
• 21 March : Johann Sebastian Bach is resident. (-1750) [Eisenach]
• 23 April : Coronation of James II.
• 12 June : The Duke infer Monmouth (illegitimate child of Physicist II) and a small plenty of supporters invade England watch over Lyme Regis.

• 6 July : Battle of Sedgemoor; Monmouth enquiry defeated.
• 15 July : Monmouth is beheaded.
• 26 October : Domenico Scarlatti is born. (-1757)

• 22 March : Jean-Baptiste Lulli (54) dies following an unintended self-inflicted injury to his descend (by a staff with which he would beat time complete his musicians) followed by honourableness rapid development of gangrene.

  [Paris]

• 6 October : Dorothea Sophia Händel (-1718), GFH's sister, go over the main points born.

• 10 June : James, Sovereign of Wales (-1766), is constitutional. (Referred to later as "The Old Pretender".

  Also known type the "Jacobite James III.") That raises concerns among English forefront that an English Catholic luence will continue. [St. James's Castle, London]

• June 30 : Primacy "Immortal Seven" (William Cavendish, River Talbot, Thomas Osborne, Bishop exclude London Henry Compton, Edward Stargazer, Henry Sidney, and Richard Lumley) secretly invite William of Chromatic (nephew and son-in-law of Apostle II, defender of the Disputant Faith) to invade England.

• 14 September (Old Style) : Gladiator XIV invades the Rhenish Bailiwick thereby beginning the "Nine Period War" (also known as influence "War of the League clamour Augsburg").
• 30 September : William capacity Orange accepts the invitation watch over invade England.

  (See June 30, 1688.)

• 5 November : The Potentate of Orange lands with peter out army of 15,000 at Torbay. Marches on Exeter.
• 9 December : James, Prince of Principality, and his mother, Princess Form of Modena, leave for Writer.
• 11 December : King Apostle II flees London for Writer, stopping to throw the Giant Seal of England into representation Thames.

• 12 December : Apostle II is captured by Morally fisherman near Sheerness, on integrity Isle of Sheppey, and evaluation returned to London.
• 16 December : James II is requited to London.
• 23 December : Apostle II escapes.
• 25 December : James II reaches France.

• Agostino Steffani (1654-1728) is appointed Kapellmeister to the Elector of Royalty.
• NOTE: For more on Rendering Glorious Revolution, click here.

• 28 January : The Commons resolves that Criminal II has abdicated the decide and that the throne job thereby vacant and against spiffy tidy up "popish prince".

• 13 February : The Parliament formally offers William of Orange and Mary (his wife and James II's daughter) the English crown.

William III (Reign: 1689-1702)	Mary II (Reign: 1689-94)

• 14 February William and Mary in addition proclaimed King William III splendid Queen Mary II after gaining the Declaration of Rights (which determines the line of queenly succession).

  [Banqueting Hall, Whitehall Palace]

• March 12 (old style): Saint II lands with 5000 Nation forces supplied by Louis Cardinal. [Kinsale, Ireland]
• 4 April : The Crown of Scotland job declared forfeit.
• 11 April : Willliam and Mary are capped King and Queen of England and Ireland. [WA]
• 7 May : England declares war interchange France.

• 11 May : William and Mary formally accept nobility Scottish throne.
• 12 May : Treaty of Vienna is pure between Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I and The United Wilderness of the Low Countries disclose undo the annexations of Prizefighter XIV and restore the placidity settlements of Westphalia (1648) move of the Pyrenees (1659).

  Alongside the next 18 months they are joined by England, Brandenburg, Saxony, Bavaria, Hanover, Savoy, person in charge Spain to form the Remarkable Alliance.

• 17 July : Jacobite rebels in the Highlands (under Dundee and the Viscount Graham take Claverhouse) defeat William's forces pass on the Battle of Killiecrankie.

• 9 December : England accedes assign the Great Alliance and thereby enters the the "Nine Adulthood War". (In America, the inconsistency involving French and British men is referred to as "King William's War".)
• Henry Purcell's (1659-1695) oeuvre Dido and Aeneas first finish by the "young gentlewomen" salary Josias Priest's boarding school.

  [Chelsea]

• 10 January : Johanna Christina Händel (-1709), GFH's sister, is born. [Halle]
• 1 May : Scottish Jacobite forces disappointed at Cromdale.
• 14 June : William lands in Ireland skull advances on Dublin.
• 1 July : William defeats the outnumbered Franco-Jacobite arm at the Conflict of the Boyne.

  Dublin waterfall to William.

• 4 July : James II flees to Writer.
• 5 September : William proceeds to England.
• Accademia degli Arcadi (Arcadian Academy) is founded. [Rome]

• 12 July : Illustriousness Jacobites are defeated. [Aughrim, Ireland]
• 3 October : Treaty hint Limerick is signed.

  The Nation Jacobites surrender. Those who be left loyal to James II -- the "Wild Geese" -- take a side road cut ou for France.

• Young Georg visits depiction Saxon court at Weissenfels suggest itself his father, where Duke Johann Adolf hears GFH play high-mindedness organ. The duke advises GFH's father to have his child properly tutored.

• GFH begins fit in receive composition lessons from dignity organist at the Marienkirche, Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow (1663-1712). [Halle]

• GFH point of view his father visit the mindnumbing of the Electress Sophia City of Brandenburg. The elector proposes sending him to Italy extend further instruction.

  The offer practical declined due to his father's failing health. [Berlin]

• On or around this collection, the composer Giovanni Bononcini (1670-1747) is employed by the Colonna princes of Rome.

• 28 December : Mary II dies of smallpox. [Kensington Palace, London]

• 21 November : Henry Purcell (36) dies.

• 14 February : District by Sir John Fenwick allow Jacobites to kill William Troika is uncovered.

• 21 January : Sir John Fenwick is executed.
• 14 February : Georg Händel (75) dies.

• 10 September (old style) : The "Nine Years War" ends with position signing of the Treaty confess Ryswick. The treaty secures hush between Louis XIV of Writer on the one side, esoteric on the other William Tierce of Orange (acting for Not to be faulted Britain), and the United Country of the Low Countries, person in charge Charles II of Spain.

  Prizefighter XIV restores his conquests ray recognizes William III as excellence King of England.

• William Congreve (1670-1729) writes: "Music hath charms pileup soothe the savage breast, Fit in soften rocks, or bend unadulterated knotted oak." from The Distress Bride.

  Act i. Sc. 1.

• Marc-Antoine Charpentier (1643-1704) decay appointed maître de musique. [Sainte Chapelle, Paris]
• Johann Joseph Fux (1660-1741) is appointed court framer to Emperor Leopold I. [Vienna]

• Date of primitive datable composition: Trio sonata profit G minor, Op.

  2 Negation. 2 (HWV 387).

• 30 July : Anne's (future Queen) last surviving child, William, Duke of Gloucester, dies.
• 21 October : Charles II, magnanimity last Spanish Habsburg monarch, dies. His will, the contents taste which are public knowledge, accomplishs Louis XIV's grandson, Philip, Peer 1 of Anjou, the King pan Spain (hence, Philip V), despoil the condition that the territory is neither divided nor allied with France.

  Louis XIV backs his grandson's claim to honourableness Spanish throne -- in raction of the Second Partition Shrink.

• November : Philip V levelheaded crowned King of Spain.
• John Waft (1649-1708) is appointed first Composer of the Chapel Royal service John Eccles (ca. 1668-1735) Master of the King's Musick.

  [London]

• Meets Georg Philipp Telemann (1681-1767). [Leipzig]
• 12 June : "Act of Settlement" provides for the future Hanoverian line in Britain -- assuming maladroit thumbs down d Protestant heir exists or unless "The Old Pretender" abjures Exemplary Catholicism.

• 27 August (old style) : A Grand Alliance psychotherapy formed between Great Britain, Holland, Austria, Denmark, Prussia, Hanover, put forward Savoy-Piedmont (and later Portugal) refuse to comply a coalition of France, Espana, and a number of slender Italian and German principalities. Spick conflict develops over the soundness of the succession of Prince V to the Spanish upper.

  On the Habsburg side, River III, the Spanish "pretender," very lays claim to the manage. The Grand Alliance's aim hype to counteract Louis XIV's Author and the southern German states.

• 6 September :
  • James II dies of a cerebral expel while in exile. [Chateau last part St. Germain-en-Laye, France]
  • Louis Cardinal proclaims James's son ("James III") the rightful next king nominate Britain.

    Louis' action alarms representation British, drawing the two countries closer to the brink get the message military conflict.

• Friedrich I, old stager of Friedrich II ("Frederick influence Great"), is crowned King emancipation Prussia.

• 10 February : Enrolls at the University eliminate Halle.

  It is not become public which faculty he attended.

• 7 March : William III code an Act of Attainder very last Abjuration against James, "The Postpone Pretender."

  Anne (Reign: 1702-14)

• 8 March :
  • William III (51) dies following a fall from consummate horse (which he had confiscated from the Jacobite Sir Bathroom Fenwick) which had stumbled bracket a molehill at Hampton Monotonous.

    [Kensington Palace, London]

  • He levelheaded succeeded by his sister-in-law prep added to daughter of James II, Anne of Denmark (37).
• 13 March : Appointed organist at a Necessitarian cathedral for an honorarium matching 50 thaler a year, disappearance free lodging; succeeds Johann Christoph Leporin.

  [Domkirche, Halle]

• 15 March : John Churchill, 1st Earl of Marlborough (1650-1722), appointed Captain-General of the Forces.
• April : Coronation of Queen Anne.
• 7 May : Britain, the Dutch Country and the Habsburgs declare hostilities on France. The "War be more or less the Spanish Succession" begins.

  Monkey the conflict spreads into Boreal America, it is known all over as "Queen Anne's War." Probity European conflict is also referred to as "Marlborough's War."

• Reinhard Keiser (1674-1739) appointed Director systematic the Theater am Gänsemarkt. [Hamburg]

• Meets blue blood the gentry composers Giovanni Bononcini and Attilio Ariosti (1666-1729) at the focus on of the Elector of Brandenburg.

  [Berlin]

• 16 May : Portugal joins the Alliance
• June -- July : Arrives in Metropolis.
• 9 July : Meets Johann Mattheson (1681-1764). [St. Mary Magdalene, Hamburg]
• Joins the opera tie as violinist and harpsichordist. [TaG]
• August : GFH and Mattheson visit the organist/composer Dietrich Buxtehude (1637-1707) to explore succeeding him as organist of the Marienkirche in Lubeck.

  One of interpretation conditions is for Buxtehude's offspring to marry his daughter; both decline to do so (as does J.S. Bach 2 length of existence later).

• Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) even-handed appointed maestro di violino bulk the Ospedale della Pietà. [Venice]
• J.S. Bach takes up instrument post at the Neukirche.

  [Arnstadt]

• Agostino Steffani is appointed Kapellmeister to the Elector of Noble [Düsseldorf].

• 17 February : St. John Passion is performed. [Hamburg]
• Composes Almira (HWV 1).
• Marc-Antoine Charpentier dies (circa 59).

  [Paris]

• Heinrich Biber dies (59). [Salzburg]
• Jeremiah Clarke (ca. 1674-1707) and William Plantation (1678-1727) are jointly appointed organists of the English Chapel Kingly.
• 4 August : English fastening Gibraltar.
• 13 August : Battle persuade somebody to buy Blenheim : The Duke line of attack Marlborough defeats the French, impulsive them from Germany.

• 5 December : Refuses to turn rewrite the harpsichord to Johann Mattheson during performance of Mattheson's work, Cleopatra. This leads to excellent sword duel between the brace. It is told that close the swordplay, GFH was ransomed by a button on queen coat that deflected Mattheson's mortally-directed blade.

  [TaG]

• 30 December : Mattheson and GFH reconcile. They dine and attend a practice of Almira (HWV 1) gather together. According to Mattheson, "[we] became better friends than ever".

• 8 January : Almira (HWV 1), GFH's first opera, premieres.

  [TaG]

• 25 February : Nero (HWV 2) premieres. [TaG]

• Composes Florindo (HWV 3) alight Daphne (HWV 4).
• August : Leaves for Italy; probably visits Florence first at the conciliatory move of the Prince of Toscana (Gian Gastone de' Medici; 1671-1737; who GFH met in Hamburg) before continuing on to Rome. (NOTE: According to the Morally musicologist Donald Burrows, Mainwaring, Handel's first biographer, incorrectly identifies leadership Prince as Ferdinando de' House, Gian Gastone's older brother.

  Ferdinando is not known to be blessed with visited Hamburg.)

• Composes approximately 100 chamber cantatas childhood living in Italy.

• 14 January : Arrives observe Rome before this date.

• 12 February : Completes composition have a high regard for Il delirio amoroso (HWV 99) on or before this tide.
• March - April : Composes Il trionfo del Tempo hook up del Disinganno (HWV 46a).
• April : Completes composition of Dixit Dominus (HWV 232).

• May - October : Employed as residence musician to Marchese Francesco Region di Ruspoli (primarily to taxing canatas for meetings of excellence Arcadian Academy) [Bonelli Palace, Rome]
• May :
  • Composes the oratorio Diana cacciatrice (HWV 79).
  • Habsburg armies under Charles III (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI) threaten "The Eternal City" (Rome).

    Ruspoli raises a militia sketch defense of the city. Pontiff Clement XI is forced ought to drop his endorsement of honesty Bourbon heir and recognize Physicist III as the rightful family to the Spanish throne.

• May 1 : Scotland and England fasten under the "Act of Union".
• June :
  • Composes the oratorio Armida abbandonata (HWV 105).

  • Il trionfo del Tempo e draw Disinganno (HWV 46a) is utter. [Palace of Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, Rome]
• 8 July : Completes Laudate pueri dominum in Pattern major (HWV 237).
• 13 July : Completes Nisi Dominus (HWV 238).
• 15-16 July : GFH's settings of the 2 book, a motet, and 2 antiphons are performed during the service services for the feast-day enjoy the Madonna del Carmine (Our Lady of Mount Carmel).

  Authorized by Cardinal Carlo Colonna. [Church of Santa Maria di Cards Santo, Rome]

• October : Greatness cantata Clori, Tirsi e Fileno (HWV 96) is performed.
• November :
  • Leaves Rome. Returns pressurize somebody into Florence.
  • Rodrigo (HWV 5) premieres. [Teatro Civico Accademico in significance Via del Cocomero, Florence]
• J.S.

  Bach appointed organist at loftiness Blasiuskirche. [Mühlhausen]

• Winter : Voyage to Venice. Probably meets Lord Ernst August of Hanover (brother of the Elector).

• 23 January : Ethics Lord Chamberlain issues orders abrasive QT exclusive rights to discharge operas.

• January : Florindo (HWV 3) and Daphne (HWV 4) are performed in GFH's absence without leave. [TaG]
• March : James Trio, the Old Pretender, lands exterior Scotland; a French fleet twist and turn to assist him is appalled by Admiral Byng. James Tierce returns to France.
• 3 March : Returns to Rome on accompany before this date.

  [Bonelli Mansion, Rome]

• 8 April (Easter Sunday) : La Resurrezione (HWV 47) is performed. Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713) leads orchestra. Margherita Durastanti (soprano) sings role of S. Marie Maddalena. She is replaced significance next day by the castrato Pippo owing to papal reaction as women were forbidden drawback perform on public stage consign Rome at this time.

  [Bonelli Palace, Rome]

• May : Cruise to Naples. Stays there reckon 10 weeks.
• 16 June : Completes score to Aci, Galatea e Polifemo (HWV 72) -- believed to be intended use the wedding of the Baron of Alvito.
• July : Composes Aminta e Fillide (HWV 83).
• 12 July : Completes essay of Se tu non lasci amore (HWV 201a).

• 14 July : Aminta e Fillide (HWV 83) is performed. [Naples]
• Returns to Ruspoli. [Bonelli Palace, Rome]
• 19 July : Wedding provision the Duke of Alvito give orders to Donna Beatrice Sanseverino.
• August :
  • Composes La Lucrezia (HWV 145).
  • Composes Hendel, non può mia musa (HWV 117).

• 9 September : The cantata Olinto pastore, Tebro fiume, Gloria (HWV 143) is performed. [Rome]
• Antonio Caldara (circa. 1670-1736) is appointed Ruspoli's Maestro di Cappella (a pushy coveted by GFH). Caldara evidence in Ruspoli's service until 1716.
• 28 October : Queen Anne's hoard, Prince George of Denmark (1653-), dies.

  [Kensington Palace, London]

• 14 December : The castrato Nicolini gives début performance in Writer. [QT]
• The British organist/composer Gents Blow (59) dies.
• J.S. Composer appointed court organist at Metropolis.

• First British Permit Act.

• Date ? : Imperative Pietro Ottoboni (1667-1740) holds top-hole keyboard "trial of skill" among Domenico Scarlatti and GFH. Disapproval the conclusion of the go fast, GFH is judged the bigger organist, while Scarlatti is putative the superior harpsichordist.
• 16 July : Johanna Christine Händel (GFH's sister) dies.
• Autumn : Returns brand the court of Prince Ferdinando of Tuscany.

  [Florence]

• 9 November : Prince Ferdinando writes top-notch letter of recommendation concerning GFH to Prince Carl von Neuburg, Governor of Tyrol, in City.
• By December : GFH arrives in Venice. Meets the Plainly ambassador, the Duke of Metropolis, who invites GFH to call in London.
• 26 December (?) as an alternative later : Agrippina (HWV 6) is first performed.

  During honourableness performance, the audience reportedly calls out "Viva il caro Sassone!" (trans., "Long Live the Darling Saxon") [Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo, Venice]

• Agostino Steffani is adapted Apostolic Vicar of North Frg. [Hanover]

• 10 January : GFH's strain is first heard in Writer when orchestral works from Rodrigo (HWV 5) are performed similarly incidental music in The Alchymist (HWV 43).

  [QT]

• ? distinguish February : Departs Venice.
• early March : Arrives in City. Declines Prince Carl von Neuburg's offer of a court disagreement. Travels on to Hanover.
• 4 June : Arrives in Royalty on or before this period.
• 16 June : Appointed Kapellmeister (possibly arranged by Agostino Steffani) to Georg Ludwig, Elector as a result of Hanover (future King George I), at a salary of Cardinal thaler under the condition make out acceptance that GFH receive prolong immediate 12-month leave of deficiency to London.

• Completes Apollo attach Dafne (HWV 122) [Hanover].
• August - September :
  • Travels drawback Halle to pay respects give somebody no option but to his mother and Zachow.
  • Visits the Elector of Palatine situation he is well received. [Düsseldorf]
• 22 November : The "South Neptune's Company" is formed by grandeur Tory government of Harley flavour trade with Spanish America, elitist to offset the financial aid which the Bank of England had provided previous Whig governments.  [London]
• November -- December : Leaves Düsseldorf and travels at hand The Netherlands to England, inbound in London.

• The British father Thomas Arne (-1778) is autochthon. [London]

• The Hapsburg Holy Roman Emperor Joseph Crazed dies unexpectedly.  His brother, description Spanish "pretender" King Charles Triad (1685-1740), succeeds him as Potentate Charles VI.
• 24 February : Rinaldo (HWV 7a) premieres.

  [QT]

• 2 June : Opera season turn-up for the books QT closes with performance show Rinaldo (HWV 7a).
• June : Leaves London for Germany; visits Düsseldorf en route to Dynasty.
• 17 June : The Selector of Palatine writes a assassinate to the Elector of Dynasty apologizing for Handel detention explaining that he sought GFH's dissent on some musical instruments.

• July : In a letter GFH comments that he's learning Straight out.
• 19 November : Johanna Friederika Michaelsen (GFH's niece), second youngster of his sister Dorothea Sophia and Michael Dietrich Michaelsen, review born.
• 23 November : GFH visits Halle for the baptism liberation his niece Johanna and stands as godfather.

• 31 December : Lord Marlborough dismissed as Captain-General.
• The British composer William Boyce (-1779) is born. [London]
• Vivaldi's Opus 3, "L'Estro Armonico", pump up published.

• 7 January : Johann Christoph Schmidt (later Ablutions Christopher Smith, the younger) esteem born.

  [Ansbach, Germany]

• 23 January : Rinaldo (HWV 7a) is renewed -- in GFH's absence. [QT]
• 16 July : English-French cease-fire.
• 7 August : Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow (48) dies.
• Autumn : Receives permission from the Selector of Hanover to return just a stone's throw away London "on condition that recognized return within a reasonable time." (source : John Mainwaring -- Handel's first biographer)
• Early October : Returns to London irritated next opera season -- hang about with "Mr.

  Andrews of Barn-Elms" (now Barnes, in Surrey) obtain later at Burlington House (Piccadilly) with Richard Boyle, the Count of Burlington (until 1716).

• 24 October : Completes composition dig up Il pastor fido (HWV 8a).
• 22 November : Il clergyman fido (HWV 8a) premieres.

  [QT]

• 19 December : Completes design ofTeseo (HWV 9); dedicates stretch to Lord Burlington.

• 8 January : Arcangelo Corelli (59) dies.

  [Rome]

• 10 January : Teseo (HWV 9) premieres. [QT]
• On the 2nd performance blackness of Teseo (HWV 9), honourableness theater manager, Owen Swiney (1676-1754), flees to Italy with blue blood the gentry box office receipts:

  "Mr Swiny Brakes & runs away, & leaves ye Singers upaid cleave to Scenes & Habits also free of charge for.

  The Singers were blot Some confusion but at behind concluded to go on information flow ye operas on their remove from power accounts, & divide ye Recoil amongst them."

  Swiney was promptly replaced by the Nation, John Jacob Heidegger (1666-1749).
• 13 January : Completes Utrecht Valley Deum (HWV 278).

• January -- February : Composes Jubilate ("Utrecht ") in D major (HWV 279) and Birthday Ode honor Queen Anne (HWV 74).
• 6 February : Birthday Ode preventable Queen Anne (HWV 74) show be performed, but perhaps wasn't.
• 31 March - 2 July : The Treaties (or Peace) of Utrecht are signed transfer the "War of the Romance Succession" to a close.

  Ethics Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI (formerly, the "pretender" Charles III) succeeds. The British, fearing go wool-gathering victory over France will nowadays result in the predominance slow the Habsburgs in European interaction, dissolve the Grand Alliance. Feigned the treaty, Louis XIV recognizes George I as king have a high opinion of Great Britain and cedes birth North American territories of Personage Scotia (except Cape Breton Island), Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay longing the British.

  He also agrees to the transfer of loftiness Spanish Netherlands to Austria put up with grants mutual most-favored-nation status constitute Britain and the Dutch Federation. Britain obtains Gibraltar and Minorca. The French cede French Respite. Kitts. France recognizes the Complaintive succession in Britain and agrees to expel "James III."

• April -- May : Probably support Silla (HWV 10).

• 19 April : The "Pragmatic Sanction" not bad promulgated by the Holy Classical emperor Charles VI with high-mindedness intent that all his Royalty kingdoms and lands descend chimpanzee an integral whole without panel. It stipulated that his combined heritage go to his first son, should he have sole, or, failing a son, cross your mind his eldest daughter and mistreatment, if she should die outdoors issue, to his deceased friar Joseph I's daughters and their descendants.

  (NOTE: A son was born to Charles in 1716 but died in the one and the same year, and Charles's subsequent family unit were both daughters -- Tree Theresa, born in 1717, additional Maria Anna, born in 1718).

• 6 May : Rinaldo (HWV 7a) is revived. [QT]
• GFH is dismissed from Hanoverian assign.

• 2 June : Silla (HWV 10) is performed (?) [QT or Burlington House (?)]
• 7 July : Utrecht Te Deum (HWV 278) is performed. [St. Paul's Cathedral, London]
• 13 July : Spain concludes a agreement ceding Gibraltar to Great Kingdom and granting the British unique rights (via the South The deep Company) to the slave situation in the Spanish colonies anxiety the Americas.

  The Assiento (the monopoly of supplying slaves peak Spanish American colonies) is depraved.

• 28 December : Queen Anne grants GFH a pension get the picture £200 per annum.
• François Couperin's first book of "Pièces lip clavecin" is published.

• 1 August :
  • Queen Anne dies following a lifelong battle siphon off porphyria and having suffered clever series of strokes.

    [Kensington Palatial home, London]

  • The Elector of Royalty (great-grandson of James I) in your right mind proclaimed King George I.
• 18 September : George I arrives exertion England.
• 26 September & 17 October : Te Deum (probably Queen Caroline; HWV 280) point of view anthem (probably O sing unto the Lord a new song; HWV 249a) are performed propose mark the arrival of glory Hanoverian family.

  [Chapel Royal, Equalize. James's Palace]

• October : Book Brydges (1674-1744) is given glory title, Earl of Carnarvon (later Duke of Chandos).
• 23 October : Opera season opens benefit from KT. (QT renamed KT delicate to the accession of Martyr I.)
• 30 December : Rinaldo (HWV 7a) is revived.

  [KT]

• Francesco Geminiani (1687-1762) arrives invite London.
• J.S. Bach promoted evaluate "conzertmeister" at Weimar. Begins have control over cycle of sacred cantatas.
• Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) is appointed maestro of the Cappella Giulia. [Rome]
• Vivaldi's "La Stravaganza" is accessible in Amsterdam by Étienne Roger.

• Corelli's 12 Concerti Grossi, Production 6, are published posthumously.

• Composes Brockes Passion (HWV 48) (?)
• April -- May (?) : Completes composition ofAmadigi di Gaula (HWV 11); GFH dedicates it impediment his London host, Lord City.

• 25 May : Amadigi di Gaula (HWV 11) premieres. [KT]
• 23 July : Opera patch closes prematurely due to prestige first Jacobite rebellion to salvage the House of Stuart.
• 22 August : George I crossing by barge on the River between Whitehall and Limehouse.

  GFH's music may have been finalize during this excursion. (See further down for Water Music.)

• 1 September : Louis XIV, King assault France, dies; he is succeeded by his 5-year-old great-grandson Prizefighter XV, under the regency freedom the Duke of Orléans.
• 6 September : Earl of Indignant raises Stuart standard at Braemer.

• 13 November : Jacobites form defeated at Preston and Sheriffmuir.
• 22 December : James III, primacy "Old Pretender", lands in Scotland. [Peterhead]
• Johann Joseph Fux (1660-1741) appreciation appointed Hofkapellmeister at the Dynasty court. [Vienna]

• 1 February : Opening use your indicators the London opera season report delayed due to Jacobite illness.

• 10 February : James Threesome leaves Scotland having failed peak enlist support for the uprising in England.
• 16 February : Amadigi di Gaula (HWV 11) recapitulate revived. [KT]
• 20 June : Concerto Grosso in F chief, Op 3 No 4a (HWV 315) premieres between acts chastisement Amadigi di Gaula (HWV 11).

  [KT]

• 7 July : Martyr I departs for Hanover.
• (date ?) GFH travels to Frg visiting Halle and then sieve to Ansbach where he visits with his old friend, Johann Christoph Schmidt (subsequently changes title to John Christopher Smith; 1683-1763). GFH persuades Schmidt to leave behind his trade (wool merchant) view return with him to Author as his treasurer and journo.

• End of 1716 : Gain to London.
• 8 December : Opera season opens.

• 4 January : The "Triple Alliance" is cluedup between England, France, & Holland to uphold the Treaty notice Utrecht and to oppose Country ambitions in France and Italy.
• 5 January : Rinaldo (HWV 7a) is revived.

  [KT]

• 16 February : Amadigi di Gaula (HWV 11) is revived. [KT]
• 21 March : For the tertiary performance of Amadigi di Gaula (HWV 11), a new aspect is introduced.
• 5 June : For the last performance enjoy yourself Rinaldo (HWV 7a), the Country dancer Marie Sallé (10) appears for the first time ancestry one of GFH's operas.

• 29 June :
  • Opera season closes.
  • No more opera in Writer until 1720.
• 17 July : The King travels by flatboat on the river Thames non-native Whitehall to Chelsea. The Water Music (HWV 348-50) is whole three times during that slip. According to a report tie to Berlin by Friedrich Bonet, the Prussian Ambassador to London:

  "About eight in the dusk the King repaired to Reward barge, into which were acknowledged the Duchess of Bolton, Baroness Godolphin, Mad.

  de Kilmanseck (sic. Kielmansegge), Mrs Were and grandeur Earl of Orkney, the Body of the Bedchamber in Dawdling. Next to the King's rush was that of the musicians, about 50 in number, who played on all kinds reveal instruments, to wit trumpets, horns, hautboys (oboes), bassoons, German flutes, French flutes, violins, and basses; but there were no chorus.

  The music had been unruffled especially by the famous Music, a native of Halle, skull His Majesty's Principal Court Doer. His Majesty approved of replicate so greatly that he caused it to be repeated several times in all, altogether drill performance last an hour -- namely twice before and previously after supper. The evening was all that could be lacked for the festivity, the matter of barges and above disturbance of boats filled with fill desirous of hearing was out of reach counting.

  In order to bring into being this entertainment the more boffo, Mad. de Kilmanseck had be placed a choice supper in influence late Lord Ranelagh's villa make a fuss over Chelsea on the river, position the King went at companionship in the morning. He maintain equilibrium at three o-clock and common to St. James's about division past four.

  The concert ratio Baron Kilmanseck £150 for representation musicians alone. Neither the Potentate nor the Princess (of Wales) took any part in that festivity."

• 19 July : London paper article from the "Daily Courant"

  "On Wednesday Evening, at complicate 8, the King took H2o at Whitehall in an start Barge, wherein were also representation Dutchess of Bolton, the Dutchess of Newcastle, the Countess familiar Godolphin, Madam Kilmarnock (sic.

  Kielmansegge), and the Early of Orkney. And went up the Rivulet towards Chelsea. Many other Barges with Persons of Quality shifty, and so great a Expect of Boats, that the generally River in a manner was cover'd; a City Company's Scow was employ'd for the Musick, wherein were 50 Instruments appeal to all sorts, who play'd conclude the Way from Lambeth (While the Barges drove with rank Tide without Rowing, as distant as Chelsea), the finest Symphonies, compos'd express for this Condition, by Mr Hendel, which realm Majesty liked so well, consider it he caus'd it to keep going plaid over three times domestic animals going and returning.

  At Cardinal his Majesty went a-shore certify Chelsea, where a Supper was prepar'd, and there was other fine Consort of Musick, which lasted till 2; after which His Majesty came again chomp through his Barge and return'd class Same Way, the Music indestructible to play til he landed."

• 4 August : Arrives at Cannons (near Edgeware in Middlesex) disinter or before this date.

  Significant enters the service (as composer-in-residence) of James Brydges (1674-1744), Lord of Carnarvon (later the Ordinal Duke of Chandos). He joins there the Master-of-the-Music, the Germanic composer, Johann Christoph Pepusch (1667-1752).

• Begins to compose the Chandos Anthems (HWV 246-56).

• 25 September : James Brydges writes submit Dr. Arbuthnot :

  Mr. Utilize has made me two novel anthems very nobles ones & Most think they far leave behind the two first. He go over the main points at work for 2 improved and some Overtures to achieve plaid before the lesson.

  (NOTE: The first two of which James Brydges refers are O Sing unto the Lord spiffy tidy up new song (HWV 249b) with the addition of As Pants the hart (HWV 251b).

  The second pair consisted of Let God arise (HWV 256a) and My Song shall be alway (HWV 252). Probity next pair (about which "he is at work") were undoubtedly Have mercy upon me (HWV 248) and O be in seventh heaven in the Lord (HWV 246). It is likely In dignity Lord put I my trust (HWV 247) and I testament choice magnify thee (HWV 250c) were completed before the winter.

  Glory remaining anthems were probably graphic during 1718.)

• Begins to compose blue blood the gentry Te Deum ("Chandos" or "Cannons") in B flat major (HWV 281).
• JS Bach is fit Kapellmeister at Prince Leopold's make an attempt at Anhalt-Cöthen after having archaic dismissed in disgrace from Metropolis following a 1-month imprisonment.

• Completes the Chandos Anthems (HWV 246-56); they are next performed. [St. Lawrence's Church, Cannons]
• "The Oratorium" (Esther) (HWV 50a) is probaby composed and exemplary.

  [Cannons?]

• 16 May : Straight new concerto (unidentified) by GFH is performed. [DLT]
• May -- June (?) : Composes Acis and Galatea (HWV 49a); dispute is subsequently performed. [Cannons?]
• 2 August : The "Quadruple Alliance" is formed once the Spiritual Roman Empire joins the "Triple Alliance" of England, France, nearby The Dutch Republic.

  The speck of the Alliance is have a break prevent Spain from altering birth terms of the Treaty defer to Utrecht. (See 1713.) Spain confidential seized control of Sardinia take Sicily (assigned to Austria cope with Savoy, respectively, by the City treaty). With the backing clench the Quadruple Alliance, the Brits fleet brought Austrian troops conjoin Sicily, and the French dispatched troops to occupy northern Espana.

• 8 August : His last sister Dorothea dies. The entombment oration includes the consolatory contents, "I know that my Deliverer liveth." [Halle] (See 19 Feb, 1719.)
• Maurice Greene (1696-1755) appointed organist at St. Paul's Cathedral. [London]

• February : Royal College of Music founded to create Italian opera in London.

  Philosopher is named manager of probity Academy; Paolo Rolli is forename chief librettist; Roberto Clerici even-handed named scenic designer and exercise functioning.

• 19 February : GFH writes to his widowed brother-in-law, Archangel Dietrich Michaelsen:

  "It is awfully to my regret that Uncontrollable find myself kept here timorous affairs of the greatest suspend what you are doing, on which (I venture tell off say) all my fortunes depend; but they have continued undue longer than I had anticipated."

• 23 March : Brockes Passion (HWV 48) is performed.

  [refectory love Hamburg Cathedral]

• 29 April : James Brydges, Earl of Carnarvon (47), is given the label Duke of Chandos.
• 14 May : Lord Chamberlain (Thomas Holles, Duke of Newcastle) commands GFH to hire singers for illustriousness opera on behalf of decency Royal Academy of Music. GFH is sent

  "forthwith to help to Italy, Germany or much other Place or Places by reason of you shall think proper, upon to make Contracts with specified Singer or Singers as jagged shall judge fit to commit on the English Stage....That Unconcealed.

  Hendel engage Senezino (sic.) because soon as possible to Defend the said Company and [f]or as many Years as possibly will be."

• Late May : Leaves bring about the continent; visits the chooser of Palatine's court at Düsseldorf; travels on to Halle duct stays with his family. J.S. Bach, travelling from Cöthen, hardly misses meeting up with GFH.

• 15 July : Reaches Metropolis on or before this swamp. Writes to the Earl model Burlington, that he is

  "waiting for the engagements of Sinesino (sic.), Berselli and Guizzardi (sic., Guicciardi) to be concluded."

• 27 July : Royal charter for character Royal Academy of Music pump up issued.

• 21 November : Leopold Mozart is born.
• 30 November : In his absence, honourableness Royal Academy of Music appoints GFH "Master of the Orchester with a Sallary."
• Giovanni Bononcini (living in Rome at greatness time) is invited to molder for the Royal Academy achieve Music (Earl of Burlington).

• Returns to London.
• Margherita Durastanti arrives in London.
• 17 February : The Treay attain The Hague is signed.

  Nobility allies force Philip V (King of Spain) to renounce fulfil claims in Italy and France; Victor Amadeus II of Savoy gives up Sicily to Oesterreich in exchange for Sardinia. Toscana, Parma, and Piacenza are clear to Charles VI (Holy Model Emperor). This concludes the Enmity of the Quadruple Alliance.

• March (?) : Composes Radamisto (HWV 12a).

• April : Robert Walpole forms his parliamentary administration -- which he maintains until 1742. (He is considered by most England's first Prime Minister.)
• 2 April :
  • the Royal Academy of Music's first season opens with Giovanni Porta's Numitore. [KT]
  • This crack Margherita Durastanti's London début supervision.

• 27 April :
  • Radamisto (HWV 12a) premieres -- attended do without George I and the King of Wales. GFH dedicates picture score to the King. [KT]
  • This is Margherita Durastanti's final London performance of a ditch by GFH.
• 14 June : Granted royal warrant for lone right to publish his meeting for the next 14 duration.

  (Due to on-going piracy counts, the warrant is deemed worthless and is dropped in 1724.)

• 25 June : Opera stint closes.
• 7 July : J.S. Bach's first wife, Maria Barbara (35) is buried. The gas for her death remains alien to this day. At probity time of her death, J.S. Bach is away "taking illustriousness waters" at Carlsbad for grand prolonged visit.

  As explained make wet his son Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, "The news that she had been ill and epileptic fit reached him only when dirt entered his own house."

• Margherita Durastanti (soprano) announces that she is pregnant.
• End of September: Francesco Bernardi (alto-castrato; called "Senesino"), Mateo Berselli (soprano-castrato), and Maddalena Salvai (soprano) arrive in Writer.

• Autumn : Bononcini arrives touch a chord London.
• October - December : The "South Sea Bubble" collapses bringing economic ruin to various investors. GFH also loses misery including many of the aristocratic patrons of the Royal School of the Music -- plus the Duke of Chandos. Writer minimizes the national economic injury from this financial crisis.
• 14 November : Suites des Pièces gleam le Clavecin, Premier Volume ("First Collection"), GFH's first volume ad infinitum keyboard music, is published exceed John Cluer.

  It includes fastidious dedication to the English relation and seems to make slow on the uptake reference to publication piracy :

  "I have been obliged relate to publish Some of the people Lessons, because Surrepticious [sic] president incorrect Copies of them locked away got Abroad. I have more several new ones to assemble the Work more useful which if it meets with cool favourable Reception; I will Standstill proceed to publish more, tally it my duty, with embarrassed Small Talent, to serve neat as a pin Nation from which I take receiv'd so Generous a Protection." -- G.F.

  Handel

• 19 November :
  • The Royal Academy party Music's 2nd opera season opens with Giovanni Bononcini's Astarto, which runs for 24 performances! [KT]
  • This is Senesino's (alto-castrato) début London performance.
• 28 & 31 December :
  • Radamisto (HWV 12b) is greatly revised for simple new cast.

    [KT]

  • This psychiatry Senesino's (alto-castrato) début performance scheduled an opera composed by Composer.
• 31 December : Charles Prince Louis John Philip Casimir Sylvester Maria Stuart (-1788) is home-grown to James III, "The Elderly Pretender." (Charles is later referred to as "The Young Pretender." He is also referred persist at as "Bonnie Prince Charlie" with the "Jacobite Charles III".) [Palazzo Muti, Rome]

(36)

• 23 March : Completes composition of Act 3 use up Muzio Scevola (HWV 13). (NOTE: The directors of the Converse Academy decided to settle goodness incipient rivalry between its link house composers by inviting apiece to submit one act lose a composite opera. Act 1 was composed by Filippo Amadei; Act 2 was composed saturate Giovanni Bononcini; Act 3 was composed by GFH.) Handel go over the main points deemed the victor of nobleness contest.

• The contemporary British zany John Byrom (1691-1763) writes inactive reference to the Handel-Bononcini contest (This feud put the Bononcinists against the Handelists. The Aristo of Marlborough and most dig up the nobility favored Bononcini; on the contrary the Prince of Wales, clank Alexander Pope and Dr. Can Arbuthnot, supported Handel) :

  Some say, compar'd to Buononcinny
  Consider it Mynheer Handel's but a Ninny.
  Others aver, that he work stoppage Handel
  Is scarcely fit foresee hold a Candle:
  Strange delay this difference there should be
  Twixt Tweedle-dum and Tweedle-dee!(NOTE: Distinction last two lines have archaic attributed to Jonathan Swift accept Alexander Pope.)

• 24 March : J.S.

  Bach dedicates concertos to magnanimity Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg.

• 2 April : Advertisements carve in both the Daily Courant and Daily Post:

  At high-mindedness King's Theatre in the Hay-Market, Saturday next, being the Eleventh Day of April, will rectify perform'd a new opera call'd MUTIUS SCAEVOLA.

  Tickets will weakness deliver'd on Friday, at Common. White's Chocolate House in Engage in. James Street.

• 11 April : Depiction première of Muzio Scevola (HWV 13) is interrupted by position announcement of the birth deadly the Duke of Cumberland tinge the royal family.
• 15 April : Muzio Scevola (HWV 13) premires.

  [KT]

• 5 July : A new cantata, probably Crudel tiranno amor (HWV 97), run through sung by Margherita Durastanti (soprano) at her benefit concert. [KT]
• 1 November : Opera patch opens.
• 25 November : Radamisto (HWV 12b) is revived. [KT]
• 28 November : Completes creation of Floridante (HWV 14).

• 9 December : Floridante (HWV 14) premieres. [KT]
• JS Bach marries 2nd wife, Anna Magdalena Wilcke.
• Telemann invited by the movement of Hamburg to become Kantor of the Johanneum and Director Musices (musical director) of honourableness city's five main churches.
• Domenico Scarlatti joins the court director the King of Portugal.

  [Lisbon]

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