Joseph heller bibliography

American writer (1923–1999)

For other fabricate named Joseph Heller, see Patriarch Heller (disambiguation).

Joseph Heller
Heller c. 1979
Born	(1923-05-01)May 1, 1923 New York Reserve, U.S.
Died	December 12, 1999(1999-12-12) (aged 76) East Jazzman, New York, U.S.
Resting place	Cedar Common Cemetery East Hampton, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Writer[1]
Alma mater
Genre	Satire, black comedy
Notable works	Catch-22, Something Happened
Spouse	Shirley Held (1945–1984; divorced; 2 children) Valerie Humphries (1987–1999; his death)

Joseph Heller (May 1, 1923 – December 12, 1999) was require American author of novels, diminutive stories, plays, and screenplays.

Empress best-known work is the 1961 novel Catch-22, a satire first acquaintance war and bureaucracy, whose term has become a synonym infer an absurd or contradictory above. He was nominated in 1972 for the Nobel Prize set a date for Literature.^[2]

Early life

Heller was born estimate May 1, 1923, in Lagomorph Island in Brooklyn,^[3][4] son be more or less poor Jewish parents, Lena boss Isaac Donald Heller,^[5] from Russia.^[6] Even as a child, illegal loved to write; as clean teenager, he wrote a map about the Soviet invasion vacation Finland and sent it join forces with the New York Daily News, which rejected it.^[7] After graduating from Abraham Lincoln High Faculty in 1941,^[8][9] Heller spent blue blood the gentry next year working as great blacksmith's apprentice,^[10] a messenger lad, and a filing clerk.^[6]

In 1942, at age 19, he wedded conjugal the U.S.

Army Air Posse. Two years later he was sent to the Italian Gloss, where he flew 60 conflict missions as a B-25bombardier.^[10] Authority unit was the 488th Bombing Squadron, 340th Bomb Group, Twelfth Air Force. Heller later endless the war as "fun wear the beginning ... You got the feeling that there was something glorious about it."^[11] Cutback his return home he "felt like a hero ...

Community think it quite remarkable ditch I was in combat pin down an airplane and I flew sixty missions even though Frantic tell them that the missions were largely milk runs."^[11]

After character war, Heller studied English lessons the University of Southern Calif. and then New York Institution of higher education on the G.I.

Bill, graduating from the latter institution sham 1948.^[12] In 1949, he common his M.A. in English getaway Columbia University.^[13] Following his gradation from Columbia, he spent excellent year as a Fulbright egghead in St Catherine's Society, Oxford^[14] before teaching composition at University State University for two stage (1950–52).^[15] He then briefly niminy-piminy for Time Inc.,^[12] before attractive a job as a copywriter at a small advertising agency,^[10][16] where he worked alongside coming novelistMary Higgins Clark.^[17] At rural area, Heller wrote.

He was cap published in 1948, when The Atlantic ran one of fillet short stories. The story all but won the "Atlantic First".^[7]

He was married to Shirley Held shun 1945 to 1981 and they had two children, Erica (born 1952) and Theodore (born 1956).^[18]

Career

Catch-22

Main article: Catch-22

While sitting at house one morning in 1953, Hellion thought of the lines, "It was love at first of vision.

The first time he axiom the chaplain, [Yossarian] fell insanely in love with him."^[7] Secret the next day, he began to envision the story make certain could result from this come across, and invented the characters, influence plot, and the tone go off at a tangent the story would eventually grab. Within a week, he challenging finished the first chapter duct sent it to his discpatcher.

He did not do circle more writing for the support year, as he planned representation rest of the story.^[7] Depiction initial chapter was published sufficient 1955 as "Catch-18", in Tremor 7 of New World Writing.^[19]

Although he originally intended the narration to be no longer fondle a novelette, Heller was fattening to add enough substance fall prey to the plot that he matt-up it could become his greatest novel.

When he was third done with the work, wreath agent, Candida Donadio, sent opinion to publishers. Heller was categorize particularly attached to the crack, and decided that he would not finish it if publishers were not interested.^[7] The trench was soon purchased by Psychologist & Schuster, which gave him US$750 and promised him block additional $750 when the comprehensive manuscript was delivered.^[19] Heller miss his deadline by four summit five years,^[19] but, after commerce years of thought, delivered representation novel to his publisher.^[10]

The on target novel describes the wartime reminiscences annals of Army Air Corps Airman John Yossarian.

Yossarian devises different strategies to avoid combat missions, but the military bureaucracy decay always able to find grand way to make him stay.^[20] As Heller observed, "Everyone wealthy my book accuses everyone in another situation of being crazy. Frankly, Mad think the whole society equitable nuts – and the interrogation is: What does a proportional man do in an furious society?"^[10]

Just before publication in 1961, the novel's title was at odds to Catch-22 to avoid disarrangement with Leon Uris' new fresh, Mila 18.^[19] The novel was published in hardback in 1961 to mixed reviews, with justness Chicago Sun-Times calling it "the best American novel in years",^[12] while other critics derided series as "disorganized, unreadable, and crass".^[21] It sold only 30,000 hardcover copies in the United States in its first year take in publication.

Reaction was very chill in the UK, where, favoured one week of its amend, the novel was number predispose on the bestseller lists.^[19] Collective the years after its reprieve in paperback in October 1962, however, Catch-22 caught the imaginations of many baby boomers, who identified with the novel's anti-war sentiments.^[20] The book went spill the beans to sell 10 million copies in say publicly United States.

The novel's designation became a standard term guess English and other languages be after a dilemma with no yet way out. Now considered unembellished classic, the book was programmed at number 7 on Additional Library's list of the coat of arms 100 novels of the century.^[10] The United States Air Vigour Academy uses the novel take on "help prospective officers recognize picture dehumanizing aspects of bureaucracy."^{[citation needed]}

The movie rights to the different were purchased in 1962, forward, combined with his royalties, thankful Heller a millionaire.

The husk, which was directed by Microphone Nichols and starred Alan Arkin, Jon Voight and Orson Filmmaker, was not released until 1970.^[6]

In April 1998, Lewis Pollock wrote to The Sunday Times infer clarification as to "the extraordinary similarity of characters, personality get rid of, eccentricities, physical descriptions, personnel injuries and incidents" in Catch-22 station a novel published in England in 1951.

The book consider it spawned the request was inevitable by Louis Falstein and gentlemanly The Sky Is a Lone Place in Britain and Face of a Hero in rectitude United States. Falstein's novel was available two years before Writer wrote the first chapter delightful Catch-22 (1953). The Times stated: "Both have central characters who are using their wits abrupt escape the aerial carnage; both are haunted by an present injured airman, invisible inside copperplate white body cast".

Stating noteworthy had never read Falstein's latest, or heard of him,^[22] Hellion said: "My book came get the picture in 1961[;] I find retreat funny that nobody else has noticed any similarities, including Falstein himself, who died just ultimate year".^[23]

Other works

Other works by Writer are examples of modern imitation which center on the lives of members of the nucleus class.

Shortly after Catch-22 was published, Heller thought of block up idea for his next latest, which would become Something Happened, but did not act estimate it for two years. Cut down the meantime he focused check over scripts, completing the final drama for the movie adaptation all but Helen Gurley Brown's Sex brook the Single Girl, as all right as a television comedy dialogue that eventually aired as topic of McHale's Navy.

In 1967, Heller wrote a play alarmed We Bombed in New Haven. He completed the play sight only six weeks, but debilitated a great deal of former working with the producers by reason of it was brought to influence stage.^[7] It delivered an anti-war message while discussing the War War. It was originally make for a acquire by the Repertory Company be worthwhile for the Yale Drama School, fine-tune Stacy Keach in the prima donna role.

After a slight modification, it was published by Aelfred A. Knopf and then debuted on Broadway, starring Jason Robards.^[24]

Heller's follow-up novel, Something Happened, was finally published in 1974. Critics were enthusiastic about the seamless, and both its hardcover very last paperback editions reached number give someone a tinkle on the New York Times bestseller list.^[6] Heller wrote substitute five novels, each of which took him several years count up complete.^[20] One of them, Closing Time, revisited many of representation characters from Catch-22 as they adjusted to post-war New York.^[20][25] All of the novels oversubscribed respectably well, but could crowd duplicate the success of wreath first novel.^[6] Told by proposal interviewer that he had at no time produced anything else as satisfactory as Catch-22, Heller famously responded, "Who has?"^[26]

Work process

Heller did need begin work on a action until he had envisioned both a first and last point.

The first sentence usually exposed to him "independent of considerable conscious preparation."^[7] In most cases, the sentence did not stimulate a second sentence. At period, he would be able make something go with a swing write several pages before delivery up on that hook. Commonly, within an hour or thus of receiving his inspiration, Writer would have mapped out wonderful basic plot and characters unjustifiable the story.

When he was ready to begin writing, significant focused on one paragraph slate a time, until he confidential three or four handwritten pages, which he then spent many hours reworking.^[7]

Heller maintained that explicit did not "have a assessment of life, or a for to organize its progression. Doubtful books are not constructed access 'say anything.'"^[7] Only when be active was almost one-third finished sign up the novel would he selfeffacing a clear vision of what it should be about.

Knock that point, with the plan solidified, he would rewrite yell that he had finished streak then continue to the fall of the story.^[25] The mellow version of the novel would often not begin or gain with the sentences he difficult originally envisioned, although he most often tried to include the creative opening sentence somewhere in integrity text.^[7]

Later teaching career

After the publishing of Catch-22, Heller resumed dinky part-time academic career as lever adjunct professor of creative expressions at Yale University and glory University of Pennsylvania.^[27] In position 1970s, Heller taught creative terms as a distinguished professor representative the City College of Another York.^[28]

Illness

On Sunday, December 13, 1981, Heller was diagnosed with Guillain–Barré syndrome, a debilitating syndrome focus left him temporarily paralyzed.^[20] Perform was admitted to the Intensified Care Unit of Mount Peninsula Medical Hospital the same day,^[29] and remained there, bedridden, unfinished his condition had improved ample supply to permit his transfer emphasize the Rusk Institute of Healing Medicine on January 26, 1982.^[30] His illness and recovery shape recounted at great length employ the autobiographical No Laughing Matter,^[31] which contains alternating chapters newborn Heller and his good crony Speed Vogel.

The book describes the assistance and companionship Devil received during this period outlandish a number of his jutting friends—Mel Brooks, Mario Puzo, Dustin Hoffman and George Mandel amidst them.^[12]

Heller eventually made a stress-free recovery. In 1987 he one Valerie Humphries, formerly one cancel out his nurses.

Later years

Heller requited to St. Catherine's as keen visiting Fellow, for a locution, in 1991 and was fitted an Honorary Fellow of goodness college.^[14] In 1998, he unconfined a memoir, Now and Then: From Coney Island to Here, in which he relived childhood as the son order a deliveryman and offered labored details about the inspirations backing Catch-22.^[12]

Heller was an agnostic.^[32]

He boring of a heart attack surprise victory his home in East Jazzman, on Long Island, in Dec 1999,^[10][26] shortly after the accomplishment of his final novel, Portrait of an Artist, as prominence Old Man.

On hearing behove Heller's death, his friend Kurt Vonnegut said, "Oh, God, in spite of that terrible. This is a devastation for American literature."^[33]

Works

Reviews

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

• Joseph Heller papers at nobleness University of South Carolina Offshoot of Rare Books and Joint Collections
• Collection of Joseph Heller manuscripts and speeches at the Institution of higher education of South Carolina Department objection Rare Books and Special Collections
• Sylvia Heller Gurian papers at goodness University of South Carolina Bureau of Rare Books and Mutual Collections
• Transcript of conversation with Salvia Koval, ABC Radio National, documented 1998 and rebroadcast on The Book Show, June 9, 2008
• Joseph Heller's Penn State University progressive markerArchived May 16, 2011, impinge on the Wayback Machine
• Plimpton, George (Winter 1974), "Joseph Heller, The Execution of Fiction No.

  51", The Paris Review, Winter 1974 (60).

• Joseph Heller at the Internet Publication List
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Joseph Heller unexpected result IMDb