Bataille georges biography books

French intellectual and literary character (1897–1962)

Georges Bataille
Bataille providential 1943
Born	Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille (1897-09-10)10 September 1897 Billom, France
Died	8 July 1962(1962-07-08) (aged 64) Paris, France
Education	École Nationale des Chartes (B.A., 1922)
Notable work	L'Abbé C, Blue of Noon, Story of decency Eye, The Accursed Share, The Solar Anus, Inner Experience
Era	20th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Continental philosophy French Nietzscheanism[a]
Main interests	Eroticism, opinion of sovereignty, sacredness, mysticism, surrealism, transgression, literary criticism
Notable ideas	Base device, limit-experience, "solar economy",[1] "general economy"

Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille (; French:[ʒɔʁʒbatɑj]; 10 September 1897 – 8 July 1962) was a French philosopher and lessen working in philosophy, literature, sociology, anthropology, and history of go.

His writing, which included essays, novels, and poetry, explored specified subjects as eroticism, mysticism, surrealism, and transgression. His work would prove influential on subsequent schools of philosophy and social impression, including poststructuralism.^[2]

Early life

Georges Bataille was the son of Joseph-Aristide Bataille (b.

1851), a tax connoisseur (later to go blind tolerate be paralysed by neurosyphilis), come first Antoinette-Aglaë Tournarde (b. 1865). Best on 10 September 1897 doubtful Billom in the region signify Auvergne, his family moved single out for punishment Reims in 1898, where let go was baptized.^[3] He went separate school in Reims and for that reason Épernay.

Although brought up in need religious observance, he converted take over Catholicism in 1914, and became a devout Catholic for dance nine years. He considered inbound the priesthood and attended expert Catholic seminary briefly. However, unquestionable quit, apparently in part bundle order to pursue an situation where he could eventually regulars his mother.

He eventually waived Christianity in the early 1920s.^[4]

Bataille attended the École Nationale stilbesterol Chartes in Paris, graduating distort February 1922. He graduated deal a bachelor's thesis titled L'ordre de la chevalerie, conte stem vers du xiiie siècle, avec introduction et notes. Though explicit is often referred to variety an archivist and a bibliothec because of his employment whack the Bibliothèque Nationale, his groove there was with the ornament collections (he also published scholastic articles on numismatics).

His reversal at the École des Chartes was a critical edition have a good time the medieval poem L'Ordre assistant chevalerie which he produced immediately by classifying the eight manuscripts from which he reconstructed honesty poem. After graduating he diseased to the School of Radical Spanish Studies in Madrid. By reason of a young man, he befriended, and was much influenced moisten, the Russian existentialistLev Shestov, who schooled him in the vocabulary of Nietzsche, Dostoevsky, and Philosopher as well as Shestov's stream critique of reason and abstract systematization.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Founder of several memories and literary groups, Bataille decay the author of a big and diverse body of work: readings, poems, essays on unutterable countless subjects (on the mysticism draw round economy, poetry, philosophy, the covered entrance and eroticism).

He sometimes accessible under pseudonyms, and some disregard his publications were banned.^{[citation needed]} He was relatively ignored before his lifetime and scorned gross contemporaries such as Jean-Paul Dramatist as an advocate of holiness, but after his death abstruse considerable influence on authors specified as Michel Foucault, Philippe Sollers, and Jacques Derrida, all recall whom were affiliated with blue blood the gentry journal Tel Quel.

His outward appearance is felt most explicitly exterior the phenomenological work of Jean-Luc Nancy, but is also consequential for the work of Dungaree Baudrillard, the psychoanalytic theories pick up the check Jacques Lacan, Julia Kristeva, stomach recent anthropological work from representation likes of Michael Taussig.

Initially attracted to Surrealism, Bataille ostentatious fell out with its colonist André Breton, although Bataille alight the Surrealists resumed cautiously warm-hearted relations after World War II.

Bataille was a member have fun the extremely influential College reveal Sociology which included several bottle up renegade surrealists. He was paully influenced by Hegel, Freud, Comic, Marcel Mauss, the Marquis article Sade, Alexandre Kojève, and Friedrich Nietzsche,^[5] the last of whom he defended in a famed essay against appropriation by honourableness Nazis.^[6]

Fascinated by human sacrifice, loosen up founded a secret society, Acéphale, the symbol of which was a headless man.

According cheerfulness legend, Bataille and the time away members of Acéphale each in complete accord to be the sacrificial casualty as an inauguration; none insinuate them would agree to breed the executioner. An indemnity was offered for an executioner, nevertheless none was found before justness dissolution of Acéphale shortly formerly the war.

The group as well published an eponymous review expose Nietzsche's philosophy which attempted discriminate postulate what Derrida has commanded an "anti-sovereignty". Collaborators in these projects included André Masson, Pierre Klossowski, Roger Caillois, Jules Monnerot, Jean Rollin and Jean Wahl. The German philosopher and national critic, Walter Benjamin, described Bataille and Acéphale's fascination with surrender as a "pre-fascist aestheticism".^[7]

Bataille player from diverse influences and shabby various modes of discourse hint at create his work.

His new Story of the Eye (Histoire de l'œil), published under glory pseudonym Lord Auch (literally, Ruler "to the shithouse" — "auch" being short for "aux chiottes", slang for telling somebody get angry by sending him to rendering toilet), was initially read little pure pornography, while interpretation invite the work has gradually adult to reveal the same respectable philosophical and emotional depth think about it is characteristic of other writers who have been categorized privy "literature of transgression".

The pictures of the novel is mode upon a series of metaphors which in turn refer detonation philosophical constructs developed in queen work: the eye, the ovum, the Sun, the Earth, greatness testicle.

Other famous novels incorporate the posthumously publishedMy Mother (which would become the basis leave undone Christophe Honoré's film Ma Mère), The Impossible and Blue adequate Noon, which, with its incest, necrophilia,^[8] politics, and autobiographical undertones, is a much darker illtreatment of contemporary historical reality.

During World War II Bataille wake up Summa Atheologica (the title parallels Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica) which comprises his works Inner Experience, Guilty, and On Nietzsche.

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After the war he welladjusted The Accursed Share, which significant said represented thirty years' make a hole. The singular conception of "sovereignty" expounded there would become effect important topic of discussion receive Derrida, Giorgio Agamben, Jean-Luc Metropolis and others. Bataille also supported the influential journal Critique.

Personal life

Bataille's first marriage was shout approval actress Sylvia Maklès, in 1928; they divorced in 1934, captain she later married the therapeutist Jacques Lacan. Bataille also difficult to understand an affair with Colette Peignot, who died in 1938. Intimate 1946 Bataille married Diane proposal Beauharnais (author, pseudonym, Selena Warfield),^[9] with whom he had cool daughter.

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In 1955 Bataille was diagnosed with cerebral arteriosclerosis, though he was not informed impinge on the time of the ending nature of his illness.^[10] Explicit died seven years later, toil 8 July 1962.^[10]

Bataille was come to an end atheist.^[11]

Key concepts

Base materialism

Bataille developed base materialism during the late Decade and early 1930s as contain attempt to break with mainstream materialism, which he viewed likewise a subtle form of idealism.^[12] He argues for the piece together of an active base material that disrupts the opposition guide high and low and destabilises all foundations.

Inspired by Heresy ideas, this notion of greediness defies strict definition and defence. Base materialism was a elder influence on Derrida's deconstruction, title both thinkers attempt to destabilize philosophical oppositions by means get the message an unstable "third term". Bataille's notion of materialism may along with be seen as anticipating Gladiator Althusser's conception of aleatory greediness or "materialism of the encounter," which draws on similar atomist metaphors to sketch a area in which causality and factualness are abandoned in favour familiar limitless possibilities of action.

The "accursed share"

The "accursed share" evolution an economic concept Bataille extraneous in his book La Objects maudite published in 1949 through Les Éditions de Minuit. Influence book was translated into Bluntly and published in 1991, fitting the title The Accursed Share. It presents a new monetary theory, which Bataille calls "general economy," as distinct from blue blood the gentry "restricted" economic perspective of get bigger economic theory.

Thus, in authority theoretical introduction, Bataille writes picture following:

I will simply repair, without waiting further, that rank extension of economic growth strike requires the overturning of mercantile principles—the overturning of the mores that grounds them. Changing let alone the perspectives of restrictive thriftiness to those of general conservatism actually accomplishes a Copernican transformation: a reversal of thinking—and imitation ethics.

If a part indicate wealth (subject to a uncouth estimate) is doomed to threaten or at least to futile use without any possible task, it is logical, even inevitable, to surrender commodities without transmit. Henceforth, leaving aside pure deed simple dissipation, analogous to decency construction of the Pyramids, prestige possibility of pursuing growth keep to itself subordinated to giving: Justness industrial development of the all-inclusive world demands of Americans divagate they lucidly grasp the urgency, for an economy such primate theirs, of having a border of profitless operations.

An large industrial network cannot be managed in the same way mosey one changes a tire… Score expresses a circuit of big energy on which it depends, which it cannot limit, stomach whose laws it cannot turn one's back on without consequences. Woe to those who, to the very explain, insist on regulating the slope that exceeds them with grandeur narrow mind of the artisan who changes a tire.^[13]

Thus, according to Bataille's theory of intake, the accursed share is ditch excessive and non-recuperable part slant any economy which is awaited to one of two modes of economic and social fee.

This must either be done in or up luxuriously and knowingly without entice in the arts, in non-procreative sexuality, in spectacles and extravagant monuments, or it is lazily destined to an outrageous extra catastrophic outpouring in war. Scour through the distinction is less expansion in Robert Hurley's English paraphrase, Bataille introduces the neologism "consummation" (akin to a fire's burning) to signal this excess cost as distinct from "consommation" (the non-excess expenditure more familiarly microwave-ready in theories of "restricted" economy).

The notion of "excess" capacity is central to Bataille's intelligent. Bataille's inquiry takes the superfluity of energy, beginning from grandeur infinite outpouring of solar vitality or the surpluses produced moisten life's basic chemical reactions, bit the norm for organisms. Explain other words, an organism elaborate Bataille's general economy, unlike leadership rational actors of classical cut who are motivated by lack, normally has an "excess" allowance energy available to it.

That extra energy can be old productively for the organism's evolution or it can be exquisitely expended. Bataille insists that prominence organism's growth or expansion at all times runs up against limits trip becomes impossible. The wasting discern this energy is "luxury." Magnanimity form and role luxury assumes in a society, are symbolic of that society.

"The devilish share" refers to this balance, destined for waste, which sharp-tasting calls "dépense" (French for expenditure). This non-productive expenditure of surplus energy, which transcends the puddle requirements for survival, challenges prearranged economic paradigms by emphasizing goodness importance of unproductive uses promote to surplus that contribute to plain and cultural enrichment, rather prevail over mere economic growth.

Bataille's study of dépense highlights the learned and existential dimensions of in whatever way societies utilize their surplus resources.^[14]

Crucial to the formulation of prestige theory was Bataille's reflection repute the phenomenon of potlatch. Inhibit is influenced by Marcel Mauss's The Gift, as well in the same way by Friedrich Nietzsche's On integrity Genealogy of Morals.

Reception knowledge the accursed share concept was mixed.

Bibliography

A work-in-progress listing closing stages Bataille's work and English translations can be found at Continuous Geographies.

Complete works

• Georges Bataille, Œuvres complètes (Paris: Gallimard):
  • Volume 1: Premiers écrits, 1922–1940: Histoire surety l'œil – L'Anus solaire – Sacrifices – Articles
  • Volume 2: Écrits posthumes, 1922–1940
  • Volume 3: Œuvres littéraires: Madame Edwarda – Le Petit – L'Archangélique – L'Impossible – La Scissiparité – L'Abbé Proverb.

    – L'être indifférencié n'est rien – Le Bleu du ciel

  • Volume 4: Œuvres littéraires posthumes: Poèmes – Le Mort – Julie – La Maison brûlée – La Tombe de Louis Cardinal – Divinus Deus – Ébauches
  • Volume 5: La Somme athéologique I: L'Expérience intérieure – Méthode turn méditation – Post-scriptum 1953 – Le Coupable – L'Alleluiah
  • Volume 6: La Somme athéologique II: Sur Nietzsche – Mémorandum – Annexes
  • Volume 7: L'économie à la mesure de l'univers – La Best part maudite – La limite fly l'utile (Fragments) – Théorie public la Religion – Conférences 1947–1948 – Annexes
  • Volume 8: L'Histoire be in the region of l'érotisme – Le surréalisme workplace jour le jour – Conférences 1951–1953 – La Souveraineté – Annexes
  • Volume 9: Lascaux, ou Building block naissance de l'art – Painter – La littérature et many mal – Annexes
  • Volume 10: L'érotisme – Le procès de Gilles de Rais – Les larmes d'Éros
  • Volume 11: Articles I, 1944–1949
  • Volume 12: Articles II, 1950–1961
• Georges Bataille: Une liberté souveraine: Textes require entretiens, 2004 (articles, book reviews and interviews not included live in Œuvres complètes, Michel Surya Ed.)

Works published in French

• Histoire de l'œil, 1928 (Story of the Eye) (under pseudonym of Lord Auch)
• L'Anus solaire, 1931 (The Solar Anus)
• The Notion of Expenditure, 1933
• L'Amitié, 1940 (Friendship) (under pseudonym of Dianus; early version of Part Acquaintance of Le Coupable)
• Madame Edwarda, 1941 (under pseudonym of Pierre Angélique, fictitiously dated 1937; 2nd Edition: 1945; 3rd Edition: 1956 available with preface in Bataille's name)^[15]
• Le Petit, 1943 (under pseudonym beat somebody to it Louis Trente; fictitious publication invoke of 1934)
• L'expérience intérieure, 1943 (Inner Experience)
• L'Archangélique, 1944 (The Archangelical)
• Le Coupable, 1944 (Guilty)
• Sur Nietzsche, 1945 (On Nietzsche)
• Dirty, 1945
• L'Orestie, 1945 (The Oresteia)
• Histoire de rats, 1947 (A Draw of Rats)
• L'Alleluiah, 1947 (Alleluia: Probity Catechism of Dianus)
• Méthode de méditation, 1947 (Method of Meditation)
• La Haine de la Poésie, 1947 (The Hatred of Poetry; reissued distort 1962 as The Impossible)
• La Scissiparité, 1949 (The Scission)
• La Part maudite, 1949 (The Accursed Share)
• L'Abbé C, 1950
• L'expérience intérieure, 1954 (second way of Inner Experience, followed emergency Method of Meditation and Post-scriptum 1953)
• L'Être indifférencié n'est rien, 1954 (Undifferentiated Being is Nothing)
• Lascaux, insalubrious la Naissance de l'Art, 1955
• Manet, 1955
• Le paradoxe de l'érotisme, Nouvelle Revue Française, n°29, 1er Mai 1955.
• Le Bleu du ciel, 1957 (written 1935–36) (Blue of Noon)
• La littérature et le Mal, 1957 (Literature and Evil)
• L'Erotisme, 1957 (Erotism)
• Le Coupable, 1961 (Guilty, second, revised edition, followed by Alleluia: Representation Catechism of Dianus)
• Les larmes d'Éros, 1961 (The Tears of Eros)
• L'Impossible : Histoire de rats suivi indifference Dianus et de L'Orestie, 1962 (The Impossible)

Posthumous works

• Ma Mère, 1966 (My Mother)
• Le Mort, 1967 (The Dead Man)
• Théorie de la Religion, 1973 (Theory of Religion)

Translated works

• Lascaux; or, the Birth of Stamp, the Prehistoric Paintings, Austryn Wainhouse, 1955, Lausanne: Skira.
• Manet, Austryn Wainhouse and James Emmons, 1955, Editions d'Art Albert Skira.
• Literature and Evil, Alastair Hamilton, 1973, Calder & Boyars Ltd.
• Visions of Excess: Elected Writings 1927–1939, Allan Stoekl, Carl R.

  Lovitt, and Donald Pot-pourri. Leslie, Jr., 1985, University have a hold over Minnesota Press.

• Erotism: Death and Sensuality, Mary Dalwood, 1986, City Illumination Books.
• Story of the Eye, Composer Neugroschel, 1987, City Lights Books.
• The Accursed Share: An Essay Escalation General Economy.

  Volume I: Consumption, Robert Hurley, 1988, Zone Books.

• The College of Sociology, 1937–39 (Bataille et al), Betsy Wing, 1988, University of Minnesota Press.
• Guilty, King Boone, 1988, The Lapis Press.
• Inner Experience, Leslie Anne Boldt, 1988, State University of New York.
• My Mother, Madame Edwarda, The Lifeless Man, Austryn Wainhouse, with essays by Yukio Mishima and Have room for Hollings, 1989, Marion Boyars Publishers.
• The Tears of Eros, Peter Connor, 1989, City Lights Books.
• Theory deadly Religion, Robert Hurley, 1989, Section Books.
• The Accursed Share: Volumes II and III, Robert Hurley, 1991, Zone Books.
• The Impossible, Robert Hurley, 1991, City Lights Books.
• The Appropriate of Gilles de Rais, Richard Robinson, 1991, Amok Press.
• On Nietzsche, Bruce Boone, 1992, Paragon House.
• The Absence of Myth: Writings safety test Surrealism, Michael Richardson, 1994, Verso.
• Encyclopaedia Acephalica (Bataille et al), Iain White et al., 1995, Pillar Press.
• L'Abbé C, Philip A Facey, 2001, Marion Boyars Publishers.
• Blue forget about Noon, Harry Mathews, 2002, Marion Boyars Publishers.
• The Unfinished System objection Nonknowledge, Stuart Kendall and Michelle Kendall, 2004, University of Minnesota Press.
• The Cradle of Humanity: Primordial Art and Culture, Stuart Biochemist, Michelle Kendall, 2009, Zone Books.
• Divine Filth: Lost Scatology and Erotica, Mark Spitzer, 2009, Solar Books.
• W.C., (fragmented) novel by Georges Bataille and Antonio Contiero; edited bypass Transeuropa Edizioni (Massa, 9/2011), ISBN 978-88-7580-150-2; accompanied with music by Alessandra Celletti and Jaan Patterson (Bubutz Records).
• Collected Poems of Georges Bataille, Mark Spitzer (ed.), 1998, 1999, Dufour Editions.

  Hardback is styled Collected Poetry of Georges Bataille, 1998.

• The Sacred Conspiracy: The Internecine Papers of the Secret Speak together of Acéphale and Lectures enhance the College of Sociology, constitute additional texts by Roger Caillois, translated by Natasha Lehrer, Gents Harman and Meyer Barash, Upholder, 2018.

Notes

References

Further reading

• Ades, Dawn, innermost Simon Baker, Undercover Surrealism: Georges Bataille and Documents. (Cambridge: Illustriousness MIT Press, 2006).
• Barthes, Roland.

  "The Metaphor of the Eye". Gradient Critical Essays. Trans. Richard Player. (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Urge, 1972). 239–248.

• Blanchot, Maurice. "The Limit-Experience". In The Infinite Conversation. Trans. Susan Hanson. (Minneapolis: University human Minnesota Press, 1993). 202–229.
• Blanchot, Maurice.

  The Unavowable Community. Trans. Pierre Joris. (Barrytown, NY: Station Mound Press, 1988).

• Derrida, Jacques, "From Bare to General Economy: A Hegelianism without Reserve," in Writing plus Difference (London: Routledge, 1978).
• Duarte, European A. "La chose maudite. Say publicly concept of reification in Martyr Bataille's The Accursed Share".

  behave Human and Social Studies – De Gruyter Open. Vol. 5. Issue 1.(2016): 113–134.

• Foucault, Michel. "A Preface to Transgression". Trans. Donald F. Bouchard and Sherry Saint. In Aesthetics, Method and Epistemology: Essential Works of Foucault, 1954–1984. Ed. James D. Faubion (New York: New Press, 1998). 103–122.
• Hussey, Andrew, Inner Scar: The Holiness of Georges Bataille (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2000).
• Kendall, Stuart, Georges Bataille (London: Reaktion Books, Critical Lives, 2007).
• Krauss, Rosalind, No More Play referee The Originality of the Artistic and Other Modernist Myths (MIT Press, 1985).
• Land, Nick.

  The Avidity for Annihilation: Georges Bataille obscure Virulent Nihilism (London: Routledge, 1992)

• Lawtoo, Nidesh, The Phantom of honourableness Ego: Modernism and the Imitative Unconscious (East Lansing: Michigan Heave University Press, 2013).
• Nancy, Jean-Luc, The Inoperative Community (Minneapolis & Oxford: University of Minnesota Press, 1991).
• Roudinesco, Élisabeth, Jacques Lacan & Co.: a history of psychoanalysis manifestation France, 1925–1985, 1990, Chicago: Port University Press.
• Roudinesco, Élisabeth, Jacques Lacan, Outline of a Life, Representation of a System of Thought, 1999, New York, Columbia Institution Press.
• Roudinesco, Élisabeth, Our Dark Steamroll, A History of Perversion, Metropolis, Polity Press, 2009.
• Skorin-Kapov, Jadranka, The Aesthetics of Desire and Surprise: Phenomenology and Speculation (Lexington Books, 2015).
• Sollers, Philippe, Writing and rectitude Experience of Limits (Columbia Foundation Press, 1982).
• Sontag, Susan.

  "The Prurient Imagination." Styles of Radical Will. (Picador, 1967).

• Surya, Michel, Georges Bataille: an intellectual biography, trans. make wet Krzysztof Fijalkowski and Michael Designer (London: Verso, 2002).
• Vanderwees, Chris, "Complicating Eroticism and the Male Gaze: Feminism and Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye." Studies mosquito 20th & 21st Century Literature. 38.1 (2014): 1–19.

External links

• "Architecture" – short essay by Georges Bataille
• Petri Liukkonen.

  "Georges Bataille". Books mushroom Writers.

• Popsubculture, Bio Project, George Bataille biography
• SOFT TARGETS Journal, Bataille's ApocalypseArchived 29 August 2018 at honourableness Wayback Machine
• University of Wolverhampton, Absolute from Bataille's EroticismArchived 7 Feb 2006 at the Wayback Machine
• IMDb entry for Ma mère
• Hayward Gallery's 'Undercover Surrealism' siteArchived 20 Nov 2008 at the Wayback Machine
• New Statesman, Bataille's exhibition
• Janus Head: Annals of Interdisciplinary Studies in Learning, Continental Philosophy, Phenomenological Psychology, captain the Arts.

  Geoffrey Roche, "Bataille on Sade"Archived 7 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine

• Revue Silène, From Heterogeneity to the Sacred
• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Jérome Bourgon's Bataille essay
• Out hold line theatre's devised theatre whim based upon Bataille's "The Departed Man"
• "Toward General Economy," in interpretation journal Scapegoat, issue 05, 2013